urogenital triangle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the borders of the urogenital triangle

A

between the pubic symphysis and the ischiopubic rami, anterior to the ischial tuberosities

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2
Q

what nerves and vessels pass through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels

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3
Q

what are the divisions of the urogenital triangle

A

divided by the perineal membrane into a superior deep pouch and an inferior superficial pouch

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4
Q

what are the contents of the deep pouch aka urogenital diaphragm

A

external urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscles with the urethra and vagina passing through

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5
Q

what are the features of the perineal membrane

A

spans the urogenital triangle
has openings for nerves, urethra and vagina
attaches to the perineal body in the midline, posteriorly

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6
Q

what does the male deep pouch contain

A

urethra and bulbourethral glands

inf boundary is the perineal membrane, superficial is fascia

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7
Q

what does the superficial pouch contain

A

genitalia

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8
Q

what are the features in common with the clitoris and the penis

A

two crura
which become corpora cavenosa that fill with blood to produce erection
a central bulb which is split by the vagina as the bulb of the vestible, in the penis it become the corpus spongiosum that contains the urethra

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9
Q

what are the 3 corpora of the penis

A

2 dorsal cavenosa

ventral spongiosum

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10
Q

what are the coverings of the penis

A

loose skin with no fat
superficial dartos fascia (merging of camper’s and scarpa’s)
skin doubles back on itself to form the prepuce and foreskin that is continuous with the glands

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11
Q

what are the features of the penile septum

A

complete proximally

pectiniform distally to even out pressures and stay straight

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12
Q

what surrounds the corpora cavenosa

A

thick tunica albuginea

and deep fascia (Buck’s)

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13
Q

what tissue forms the the glans as a cap over the corpora cavernosa

A

the corpus spongiosum

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14
Q

what muscle surrounds each crus of the penis

A

ischiocavernosus

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15
Q

what muscle surrounds each bulb of the penis

A

bulbospongiosus

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16
Q

what is the function of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus

A

support the penis and contribute to errection, bulbospongiosus compresses the urethra during ejaculation and in order to expel urine

17
Q

what are the supportive ligaments of the penis

A

fundiform, triangular(suspensory) from the linea alba and pubic symphysis

18
Q

describe the fundiform ligament of the penis

A

acts like a sling around the ventral aspect

19
Q

what is the foreskin

A

a fold of skin, continuous with the glans and the mucous membrane of the urethra

20
Q

what do the sebaceous glands form

A

smegma

21
Q

where is the frenulum of the penis

A

ventrally between the foreskin and the glans

22
Q

what is balanitis

A

inflammation of the head of the penis

23
Q

where are the two bends in the male urethra

A

between the membranous and bulbar urethra

in the spongy urethra as it becomes pendulous

24
Q

what is the epithelium of the urethra

A

urothelium until ejac. ducts, then (pseudo) stratified
columnar, before stratified squamous in distal urethra,
keratinised at ext. orifice

25
Q

what does the labia majora form

A

mons pubis anteriorly and the posterior commissure or fourchette posteriorly

26
Q

describe an episiotomy

A

must be backwards and angled laterally to avoid cutting the anal sphincter

27
Q

what does the labia minora form

A

the prepuce of the clitoris

28
Q

describe the structure of the clitoris

A

2 crura make up the body
the bulb contributes as a hood over the glans

the urethra opens inferiorly in the vestible

29
Q

describe the bulb of the clitoris

A

divided by the vagina and covered by bulbospongiosus that aids pubovaginalis in its sphincteric effect

30
Q

what might be a problem with the Bartholin’s glands

A

cyct or abscess formation

31
Q

what does the internal pudendal supply

A
the perineum and in
both sexes gives arteries to
the: urethra, posterior 2/3 of
the scrotum or labia (anterior
1/3 via external pudendal
from femoral), cavernous
tissue of penis or clitoris,
skin of shaft and glans of
penis or clitoris
32
Q

what is the venous drainage of the penile skin and foreskin

A

superficial dorsal veins to the external pudendals

33
Q

what is the lymph drainage of the deeper structures

A

internal iliac nodes

34
Q

what is the lymph drainage of the superficial structures

A

superficial inguinal nodes

35
Q

what is the lymph drainage of the glans

A

deep inguinal - Cloquet nodes and external iliac nodes

36
Q

what structure forms the glans penis

A

c. spongiosum

37
Q

what does the linea alba form in the penis

A

fundiform and suspensory ligaments

38
Q

what tissue makes up the crus of the clitoris

A

corpus cavernosum