lactation Flashcards
what is the name of the first milk produced
colostrum
how long should women breast feed exclusively for
6 months
what are the health benefits of breast feeding to the baby
reduced infection diabetes, asthma, eczema reduced lactose intolerance improved psychomotor and intelligence decreased obesity reduced autoimmune disease risk of autoimmune disease reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome
what are the health benefits of breast feeding to the mother
promotes recovery
promotes return of normal body weight
reduced risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer
improves bones
what is lactational amenorrhoea
prolactin suppresses GnRH and so FSH and LH reduced
follicular growth, ovulation and menstruation reduced
describe the male breast/ breast at birth
lactiferous ducts without alveoli
describe the breast at puberty
oestrogen causes the ducts to proliferate and alveoli form at the ends of the branches
at each menstrual cycle the alveoli proliferate and may secrete
describe the breast changes during pregnancy
oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin causes the glandular portion of the breast to hypertrophy
alveoli acquire a lumen
ready by week 16
adipose tissue regresses to be replaced with glandular tissue
what are alveoli made from
modified sebaceous glands
they empty via lactiferous ducts that form lactiferous sinuses which open on to the areola
what cells contain receptors for oxytocin
myoepithelial cells
which surround the alveolus
what cells have receptors for prolactin
secretory alveoli cells
what 3 tissue types make up the breast
fibrous
glandular
adipose
what are the two components of lactation
milk production and let down aka milk production reflex
what initiates lactation after delivery
precipitous drop in progesterone and oestrogen after delivery
what hormone sustains milk production
each time mother nurses prolactin surges from nipple to hypothalamus
what hormone is produced when not nursing
prolactin inhibitory hormone which is produced by the hypothalamus
what inhibits lactation during pregnancy
progesterone and oestrogen and human placental lactogen
hPL
what is the role of prolactin in the suckling reflex
suckling inhibits release of dopamine (PIF) and prolactin is released in proportion to the strength and duration of suckling
where is oxytocin produced
hypothalamus and carried to the posterior pituritary gland
causes let down
what conditioned reflexes stimulates let down
baby crying
what hormones inhibit oxytocin
catecholamines (stress)
what type of secretion is milk
apocrine
describe the synthesis of milk
milk fat moves in lipid droplets which are pinched off into the lumen
milk protein passes through the golgi apparatus and is exocytosed
how long is colostrum produced for
a week
when is mature milk produced
after 3 weeks
describe the difference between colostrum and milk
milk has more calories, more carbs, more fat, more water soluble vitamins,
less protein, fewer fat soluble vitamins (A) less zinc and sodium, fewer antibodies
how much milk is produced per day
800mls
what is the main energy source in milk
fat
what is the main carb found in milk
lactose
promotes growth of lactobacillus bifidus
provides galactose for myelin
what proteins are found in milk
casein and lactalbumin
what fat soluble vitamins are found in milk
A, D, E, K
what water soluble vitamins are found in milk
B6 and 12, C, folate, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine
how many sp of bacteria are in breast milk
600 sp
what does colostrum contain
lots of proteins, antibodies and vitamins
what is PIF the same as
dopamine
inhibits prolactin
