female reproductive pathology 1 Flashcards
when is proliferative breast disease most common
increases towards menopause and then decreases
what are some types of proliferative breast disease
fibrosis
cysts
hyperplasia
adenosis
who does gynaecomatstia most commonly affect
adolescent males and elderly males
what causes gynaecomastia
estrogen puberty endocrine tumours drugs- spironolactone, alcohol Kleinfelter's syndrome
name some benign breast tumours
fibroadenoma
duct papilloma
adenoma
connective tissue tumour
what is a fibroadenoma
mixed tumour
epithelium and stroma well circumscribed
usually young women
may grow during pregnancy
describe the epidemiology of breast carcinoma
20% off all cancers in women 1% of tumours are in men lifetime risk is 1 in 9 commonest cause of death of female 35-55 year olds commonest cancer in england and wales
what is the most common age to be diagnosed with breast cancer
60-64
what are the risk factors for breast cancer
alcohol combined contraceptives combined HRT ionising radiation fatness smoking
what is ductal carcinoma in situ
unilateral tumour confined to ducts
what is lobar carcinoma in situ
bilateral tumour confined to lobules
what is the most common invasive breast carcinoma
‘no special type’
what is a less common breast cancer
infiltrating lobular carcinoma, may be multifocal
what is paget’s disease of the nipple
erosion of the nipple resembling eczema
associated with underlying cancer
what type of breast cancer has a better prognosis
estrogen receptor positive
