Kidney pathology Flashcards
what is Potter syndrome
bilateral renal agenesis resulting in oligohydramnios and birth defects. This inhibits normal lung development. Almost invariably fatal.
what is vesicouteric reflux
backward flow of urine from the bladder to the kidney
what are the features of renal artery stenosis
lack of blood flow to the kidneys
this causes the kidneys to increase blood pressure
2ary hypertension cannot be controlled with medication
renal failure
what is familial Mediterranean fever
an inflammatory disorder that causes recurrent fevers and painful inflammation of your abdomen, lungs and joints.
May cause kidney damage
what is Alport’s Syndrome
a genetic disorder causing glomerulonephritis and kidney failure and hearing loss
haematuria, proteinuria and vision changes
what is HLA
human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins which regulates the immune system
what are the possible causes of glomerular disease
idiopathic glomerulonephritis
HLA associated
auto immune e.g. SLE, amyloid, diabetes
vascular
what are the features of type 2 hypersensitivity glomerulonephritis
Anti-GBM antibodies
Complement fixation
Damage
Fibrin leakage
What are the features of good pastures syndrome (type 2 hypersensitivity aka cytotoxic)
anti basement membrane antibodies causing kidney damage and failure. Also lung problems and failure
what are the possible signs of kidney disease
more or less urine production haematuria proteinuria lung involvement pain
what are the features of type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex)
Immune complexes Size determines where deposition occurs \+/- Complement fixation neutrophils
SLE, farmer’s lung disease
what is the key feature of nephritic syndrome
blood loss
what is the key feature of nephrotic syndrome
protein loss
what are the features of nephritic syndrome
more serious than nephrotic
large pores in podocytes allowing escape of blood which may present as micro or macro haematuria
some protein
low urine volume
what are the features of nephrotic syndrome
protein causes frothy urine
hypoalbuminaemia
oedema
what are the possible causes of nephrotic syndrome
SLE Hep B & C HIV Diabetes mellitus Malignancy amyloidosis
what are the features of minimal change GN
children
treat with steroids
proteinuria
nephrotic syndrome
what are the features of Berger’s disease
IgA deposition resulting in inflammation
what is proliferative glomerulonephritis
post strep infection causes proliferation of endothelial cells in the glomerulus and immune complexes
type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
what is membranous glomerulonephritis
causes nephrotic syndrome
type 3 hypersensitivity
small immune complexes in the basement membrane
idiopathic/ infection/ hep B/ penicilin/ autoimmune- SLE
What is mesangiocapillary GN
causes nephritic syndrome
immune deposits on mesangium
associated with hep C
what is minimal change glomerulonephritis
causes nephrotic syndrome
affects young children
idiopathic/ measles
what glomerulonephritides cause nephrotic syndrome
minimal change
membranous
focal glomerulosclerosis
what glomerulonephritides cause nephritic syndrome
proliferative
mesangiocapillary
