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MD3002 post MSA > drugs affecting reproductive function > Flashcards

drugs affecting reproductive function Flashcards

1
Q

where is oestrogen produced

A

ovary and placenta and in small amounts in the testes and adrenal cortex

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2
Q

what is the most common oestrogen produced by the ovary

A

oestrodiol

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3
Q

what is the MOA of oestrogen

A

nuclear receptors

bind to albumin in the blood and steroid binding globulin

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4
Q

how can oestrogen be absorbed

A

gut, skin and mucous membranes

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5
Q

what is clomiphene

A

oestrogen antagonist in the hypothalamus and anterior pituritary gland to induce ovulation in IVF

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6
Q

what is tamoxifen

A

antioestrogen used in oestrogen dependant breast cancer

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7
Q

what is raloxifene

A

oestrogen modifier used to treat osteoporosis

oestrogenic effect on bones and antioestrogenic for reproductive tissue

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8
Q

what can oestrogens be used to treat

A

replacement for primary ovarian failure
menopause
contraception
prostate and some breast cancers

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9
Q

what is the MOA of progestogens

A

act on nuclear receptors through gene transcription and controlled by oestrogens
oestrogen stimulates progestin receptors
progestogens inhibit oestrogen receptors

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10
Q

why can’t natural progesterone be given orally

A

broken down by the liver

progestins used instead

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11
Q

name some progesterone derivatives

A

medroxyprogesterone, hydroxyprogesterone, norethisterone

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12
Q

what can progesterone be used to treat

A

oestrogen replacement regimes to prevent endometrial hyperplasia. endometriosis
endometrial carcinoma

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13
Q

what are the risks of progestogens

A

acne, fluid retention, weight change, libido change, breast discomfort, menstrual irregularity and thromboembolism

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14
Q

what is mifepristone used for

A

antiprogesterone used as a medical abortion

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15
Q

what is danazol

A

a modified progesteogen which inhibits gonadotrophin production

reduceses oestrogen and androgen synthesis

used to treat endometriosis, breast dysplasia and gynaecomastia

side effects include virilisation and dizziness, headaches

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16
Q

what are the symptoms of menopause

A 
headaches
hot flush
hair 
teeth 
gums
breasts
cardiovascular diseaes
skin becomes rougher
incontinence
vaginal dryness, itching and swelling, bones
17
Q

what are the side effects of HRT

A

bleeding
increased cancer risk
increased thromboemolism

18
Q

what can androgens be used to treat

A

hyposexuality after overiectomy

intracellular receptors

19
Q

what are antiandrogens used to treat

A

prostate cancer

20
Q

what are dihydrotestosterone inhibitors used to treat

A

BPH

21
Q

what is finasteride

A

dihydrotestosterone inhibitor

22
Q

what is flutamide and cyproterone

A

antiandrogen

23
Q

what are anabolic steroids used to treat

A

aplastic anaemia

24
Q

what are the side effects of anabolic steroids

A

infertility, salt and water retention, CHD, liver disease

25
Q

what is gonadorelin and nafarelin

A

analogue of GnRH

26
Q

what are gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues used to treat

A

induces ovulation in infertility if given in a pulsatile way

if given continuously will suppress the gonads
used in prostate and breast cancer, endometriosis and uterine fibroids

27
Q

what are gonadotropins used to treat

A

infertility caused by lack of ovulation as a result of hypopituritarism
men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
made by recombinant DNA technology or extracted from urine

28
Q

what type of oestrogen is found in combined pills

A

ethinyloestradiol or mestranol

29
Q

what type of progesterone is found in combined pills

A

norethisterone, levonorgestrel, ethynodiol, desogesterel, gestodene

30
Q

how does the combined pill work

A

oestrogen inhibits the secretion of FSH
Supresses the follicle
progesterone inhibits LH which prevents ovulation
alters the endometrium in order to discourage implantation
inhibits fertilisation and implantation

31
Q

what are the side effects of the combined pill

A

nausea, flushing, weight gain, skin changes, depression, amenorrhoea, hypertension, thromboembolism

32
Q

what progesterone is found in the POP

A

norethisterone, levonorgesrel or ethynodiol

makes cervical mucous inhospitable to sperm
hinders implantation and motility of fallopian tubes
good for people for whom combined pills are contraindicated
less reliable

33
Q

what is the active ingredient in emergency contraception

A

levonogestrel

34
Q

what is medroxyprogesterone acetate

A

IM contraceptive

35
Q

what is the active ingredient in the implant and IUD

A

levonorgestrel

MD3002 post MSA (66 decks)

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