screening and prevention of UTI

Question 1

what does a full sexual health blood screen involve

Answer 1

HIV 1 and 2 and p24

hep B and syphilis

Question 2

what does a full sexual health swab or urine test involve

Answer 2

chlamydia, gonorrhoea, mycoplasma, candida, staph, haemophilus, BV, cystitis, HPV, HIV etc

Question 3

what is chlamydia?

Answer 3

caused by chlamydia trachomatis, can damage women’s reproductive organs,
usually mild or absent symptoms, can cause infertility, can cause discharge from the penis

symptoms may occur in 1 -3 weeks

Question 4

what is the prevalence of chlamydia in 15-25 yr olds

Answer 4

9% in females

Question 5

what group of people are at greatest risk of chlamydia

Answer 5

younger women and girls

Question 6

what chlamydia symptoms might women experience

Answer 6

abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating
lower abdominal pain, back pain, nausea, fever,
may still have no symptoms when causes permanent damage

Question 7

what symptoms might men with chlamydia have

Answer 7

discharge
burning sensation when peeing
burning/ itching around the urethral meatus
pain and swelling in the testicles uncommon
might spread to the epididymis

Question 8

what are the serious complications of chlamydia in women

Answer 8

can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes
cause PID
chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy
more likely to be infected with HIV

Question 9

why is partner notification important

Answer 9

reduces reinfection

Question 10

what approaches to behaviour change are there

Answer 10

motivational interviewing
problem focused counselling
modelling and rehearsal of change

Question 11

what is the effectiveness of a single chlamydia test on women in preventing PID

Answer 11

low, barely significant

instead consider targeted screening for at risk women

Question 12

what is reframing

Answer 12

trying to understand the patient and encourage them in a way that’s relevant to them

Question 13

what tends to happen when clinicians confront patients

Answer 13

arguing, resistance, negativity and off task

Question 14

what is the flow of change talk

Answer 14

motivational interviewing, >desire, ability, reason, need, > commitment, change

Question 15

what does screening have to be in order to be ethical

Answer 15

alter the natural history of disease
be approved of by patients
health gain must be weighed against side effects
gives people information