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MD3002 post MSA > IVF ethics > Flashcards

IVF ethics Flashcards

1
Q

what people are excluded from IVF

A

smokers
overweight
drug addicts
over 42

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2
Q

what is the success rate of IVF

A

approx 25%

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3
Q

when was the first test tube baby born

A

1978

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4
Q

what organisation is responsible for regulating treatment and research of IVF

A

human fertilisation and embryology authority

human fertilisation and embryology act 1990

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5
Q

what case originally denied IVF to gay couples

A

greater glasgow and clyde 2009

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6
Q

what case allowed single women to access IVF

A

elizabeth pearce, ealing

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7
Q

can egg donors be paid

A

yes ‘compensation’ -£750

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8
Q

is egg sharing allowed

A

yes

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9
Q

how much can women in america be paid for egg donation

A

£8000

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10
Q

how are embryos graded

A

use immediately
freeze
discard/ research

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11
Q

what are the two types of mitochondrial replacement

A

pro nuclear transfer, maternal spindle transfer

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12
Q

what is a commisioning parent

A

partial surrogacy, surrogate mother inseminates herself with father’s sperm

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13
Q

what two reports have raised issues with surrogacy

A

brazier report and warnock report

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14
Q

how many couples have problems conceiving

A

1 in 6

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15
Q

what proportion of couples are infertile

A

5%

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16
Q

what factors affect women’s fertility

A

PCOS, early menopause, abnormal ovulation, blockage of fallopian tubes
age

17
Q

what factors affect men’s fertility

A

low sperm count/ quality
damage to testicles
failure to ejaculate
age

18
Q

what are the different types of assisted reproductive technologies

A 
intrauterine insemination 
IVF
IVF plus intracytoplasmic sperm injection 
donor sperm/ eggs
surrogacy
19
Q

how does IVF work

A

downregulation using Gnrh agonist then stimulation with FSH then trigger ovulation with HCG
ultrasound guided transvaginal aspiration or lapraroscopy
egg and sperm combined
transfer after 2-6 days
progesterone for luteal phase support

20
Q

What are the risks associated with IVF

A

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome due to superovulation
multiple births
welfare of the child

21
Q

when was the law changed to acknowledge the need for supportive parenting rather than the need for a father

A

1990 -need for a father

2008 - need for supportive parenting

22
Q

how many cycles of IVF are women under 40 years old allowed in scotland

A

2 cycles

23
Q

how many cycles are women 40-42 years old allowed in scotland

A

1, if they haven’t already had IVF

24
Q

what proportion of IVF treatments are successful

A

26%

25
Q

How much does one cycle cost

A

£5000

26
Q

what is the warnock report 1984

A

inquiry into how reproductive technologies should be regulated, highlighted special status of the embryo and establishment of a regulator

27
Q

what are the guidlines for frozen gametes

A

must state how long for and what happens in the event of death

28
Q

what are the ethical implications of donated gametes

A

should donors be paid
should there be a limit to the number of children created
should children be able to find out who the biological father is

29
Q

what are the issues surrounding embryos

A

how many should be made
how many should be implanted
what do we do with spares

30
Q

why might people use reproductive tourism

A

cost, waiting lists, legal restrictions

31
Q

what are the considerations regarding mitochondrial transfer

A

modification of embryos and changing the germline

implications for identity and the status of the mitochondrial donor

permissibility of techniques

licensing models and regulatory issues

32
Q

what is maternal spindle transfer

A

mitochondrial repair is done before fertilisation

33
Q

what is pronuclear transfer

A

repair is done after fertilisation

34
Q

when was mitochondrial donation made legal

A

feb 2015

35
Q

what are the issues surrounding surrogacy

A

agreements are unenforceable

surrogate mother is the legal mother - adoption is required

MD3002 post MSA (66 decks)

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