IVF ethics

Question 1

what people are excluded from IVF

Answer 1

smokers
overweight
drug addicts
over 42

Question 2

what is the success rate of IVF

Answer 2

approx 25%

Question 3

when was the first test tube baby born

Answer 3

1978

Question 4

what organisation is responsible for regulating treatment and research of IVF

Answer 4

human fertilisation and embryology authority

human fertilisation and embryology act 1990

Question 5

what case originally denied IVF to gay couples

Answer 5

greater glasgow and clyde 2009

Question 6

what case allowed single women to access IVF

Answer 6

elizabeth pearce, ealing

Question 7

can egg donors be paid

Answer 7

yes ‘compensation’ -£750

Question 8

is egg sharing allowed

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

how much can women in america be paid for egg donation

Answer 9

£8000

Question 10

how are embryos graded

Answer 10

use immediately
freeze
discard/ research

Question 11

what are the two types of mitochondrial replacement

Answer 11

pro nuclear transfer, maternal spindle transfer

Question 12

what is a commisioning parent

Answer 12

partial surrogacy, surrogate mother inseminates herself with father’s sperm

Question 13

what two reports have raised issues with surrogacy

Answer 13

brazier report and warnock report

Question 14

how many couples have problems conceiving

Answer 14

1 in 6

Question 15

what proportion of couples are infertile

Answer 15

5%

Question 16

what factors affect women’s fertility

Answer 16

PCOS, early menopause, abnormal ovulation, blockage of fallopian tubes
age

Question 17

what factors affect men’s fertility

Answer 17

low sperm count/ quality
damage to testicles
failure to ejaculate
age

Question 18

what are the different types of assisted reproductive technologies

Answer 18

intrauterine insemination 
IVF
IVF plus intracytoplasmic sperm injection 
donor sperm/ eggs
surrogacy

Question 19

how does IVF work

Answer 19

downregulation using Gnrh agonist then stimulation with FSH then trigger ovulation with HCG
ultrasound guided transvaginal aspiration or lapraroscopy
egg and sperm combined
transfer after 2-6 days
progesterone for luteal phase support

Question 20

What are the risks associated with IVF

Answer 20

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome due to superovulation
multiple births
welfare of the child

Question 21

when was the law changed to acknowledge the need for supportive parenting rather than the need for a father

Answer 21

1990 -need for a father

2008 - need for supportive parenting

Question 22

how many cycles of IVF are women under 40 years old allowed in scotland

Answer 22

2 cycles

Question 23

how many cycles are women 40-42 years old allowed in scotland

Answer 23

1, if they haven’t already had IVF

Question 24

what proportion of IVF treatments are successful

Answer 24

26%

Question 25

How much does one cycle cost

Answer 25

£5000

Question 26

what is the warnock report 1984

Answer 26

inquiry into how reproductive technologies should be regulated, highlighted special status of the embryo and establishment of a regulator

Question 27

what are the guidlines for frozen gametes

Answer 27

must state how long for and what happens in the event of death

Question 28

what are the ethical implications of donated gametes

Answer 28

should donors be paid should there be a limit to the number of children created should children be able to find out who the biological father is

Question 29

what are the issues surrounding embryos

Answer 29

how many should be made how many should be implanted what do we do with spares

Question 30

why might people use reproductive tourism

Answer 30

cost, waiting lists, legal restrictions

Question 31

what are the considerations regarding mitochondrial transfer

Answer 31

modification of embryos and changing the germline implications for identity and the status of the mitochondrial donor permissibility of techniques licensing models and regulatory issues

Question 32

what is maternal spindle transfer

Answer 32

mitochondrial repair is done before fertilisation

Question 33

what is pronuclear transfer

Answer 33

repair is done after fertilisation

Question 34

when was mitochondrial donation made legal

Answer 34

feb 2015

Question 35

what are the issues surrounding surrogacy

Answer 35

agreements are unenforceable | surrogate mother is the legal mother - adoption is required