cystitis Flashcards
what antibiotics are prescribed for a lower UTI
Trimethoprim or Nitrofurantoin
what does polyuria mean
excessive volumes of dilute urine
what are the symptoms of UTI
suprapubic tenderness frequency urgency polyuria haematuria dysuria cloudy/smelly urine
what is the differential for an uncomplicated UTI
chlamydia gonorrhoea herpes simplex trichomonas candidiasis gardnerella pylonephritis vaginitis cancer prostatitis epididymititis
what can untreated STIs result in
infertility in women
why are children more likely to be referred if they have a UTI
often associated with a renal abnormality and recurrent infections so this must be investigated
what is leukocyte esterase
an enzyme found in white blood cells
what is nitrites an indication of
certain bacteria which are able to reduce nitrate to nitrite
why are mid stream samples important
most reliable as not contaminated with the external genitalia, prostate, urethra or the trigone of the bladder
what are coliforms
related to e. coli
what conditions predispose to UTIs
elderly female diabetes sex and new sexual partner diaphragms suppressed immune systems menopause sickle cell analgesic abuse incomplete bladder emptying
what are the complications of a UTI
infertility reccurent infection kidney damage stricture low birth weight in pregnant women sepsis/ septicaemia
what is gardenerella responsible for
BV
What antibiotics are commonly prescribed for a UTI
Trimethoprim, Nitrofurantoin
what age men tend to get UTIs
over 50s
what are the symptoms of pyelonephritis
– Loin pain & tenderness
– High fever
– Systemic upset
what can cause complicated UTIs
stones obstruction PCKD vesicouteric reflux diabetes sickle cell analgesic abuse renal calculi tumours
what bacteria are usually responsible for a community UTI
E. coli - 80%
coagulase -ve staphylococci
other staphylococcus and enterococcus
GRAM -VE
what are the common pathogens in nosocomal UTIs
candida gram -ves proteues miribilis klebsiella enterobacter
what is an O serotype in E.coli
somatic
what is a K serotype in E.coli
capsular antigens
(bad)
- Polysaccharide
- Forms a micro-capsule
- Confers resistance to phagocytosis
what virulence factors does E. coli have
– Fimbriae (adhesion to uroepithelia)
– K antigen
– Haemolysin
what two types of fimbriae does E.coli have
type 1 -phagocytosed
type P
what does haemolysin do
- Cytolytic exo-protein
- Damages tissue membranes in vivo
- Causes kidney damage
