drug and alcohol addiction

Question 1

what are the criteria for a substance use disorder

Answer 1

1. Taking the substance in larger amounts or for longer than you meant to
2. Wanting to cut down or stop using the substance but not managing to
3. Spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from use of the substance
4. Cravings and urges to use the substance
5. Not managing to do what you should at work, home or school, because of
   substance use
6. Continuing to use, even when it causes problems in relationships
7. Giving up important social, occupational or recreational activities because of
   substance use
8. Using substances again and again, even when it puts you in danger
9. Continuing to use, even when you know you have a physical or psychological
   problem that could have been caused or made worse by the substance
   10.Needing more of the substance to get the effect you want (tolerance)
   11.Development of withdrawal symptoms, which can be relieved by taking more of
   the substance.

Question 2

what class of drugs are cannabis, LSD, mushrooms,
solvents

Answer 2

hallucinogens

Question 3

what class of drugs are cocaine,
amphetamine, nicotine, caffeine, ecstasy

Answer 3

Stimulants

Question 4

what class of drugs are alcohol, benzodiazepines and opiods

Answer 4

depressants

Question 5

what are the signs of cannabis use

Answer 5

Bloodshot eyes, brown fingers,
drowsiness/slowed down, smell, lack of
focus/concentration

Question 6

what are the signs of stimulant use

Answer 6

Agitation, pressure of speech, lack of

focus/concentration, mood fluctuation

Question 7

what are the signs of opiate use

Answer 7

Gauching, ‘pinned’ pupils, signs of injecting,

brown fingers, flu like symptoms (withdrawal)

Question 8

what are the signs of sedative use

Answer 8

Drowsiness, slurred speech, poor

memory/recollection

Question 9

what proportion of addiction is believed to be heritable

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

what factors should be considered in the biopsychosocial model

Answer 10

predisposing factors
protective factors
precipitating factors
maintaining factors
presenting problems

Question 11

what are the criteria for diagnosis of a substance misuse disorder

Answer 11

impaired control
social impairment
risky behaviour
pharmacological criteria

Question 12

what is the moral model of addiction

Answer 12

addiction is wilful violation of societal rules
no biological basis
human weakness
lack of morals

Question 13

what is the dispositional disease model

Answer 13

loss of control and restraint
no cure except for total abstinence
causative factor is the individual

Question 14

what is the medical model of addiction

Answer 14

genetic and psychological process in addiction
biological conditions which cause addiction
pharmacology of the substance
agent of change is drs

Question 15

what is the personality model

Answer 15

individual has abnormal personality
poor impulse control etc
restructuring of personality in order to cure person

Question 16

what is the behavioral model

Answer 16

conditioning is behaviour modification - classical conditioning
substance misuse is a learned behaviour so treatment involves re learning

Question 17

what is associative leaning

Answer 17

classical conditioning

connecting two otherwise unrelated cues,

Question 18

what is instrumental learning

Answer 18

aka operant conditioning

learning to connnect actions with consequences

Question 19

what is the cognitive model

Answer 19

perception and thought influence behaviour

addictive thinking maintains drug use
change in motivation, cognition and appraisal can change addictive behaviours

Question 20

what are thinking errors

Answer 20

permission giving
minimisation
rationalisation 
denial 
blaming

Question 21

what is the biopsycosocial model

Answer 21

interaction of biological factors, mental and social factors
holistic
predisposing factors, precipitating events, maintaining factors, and protective factors

in order to treat addictions you must understand what caused them and what maintains them
and what is the presenting problem

protective factors- what is there to help them

Question 22

how is the patient assesed

Answer 22

interview and standard assessment measures
corroboration from others
objective assessment of health
initial treatment plan