setting healthcare priorities

Question 1

what is point prevalence

Answer 1

all cases at a specified point in time e.g. one day

Question 2

what is period prevalence / lifetime prevalence

Answer 2

all cases at a specified period in time/ all cases over a lifetime
uses averages

Question 3

what is prevalence useful for

Answer 3

understanding burden of disease of long term diseases

health behaviours and other risk factors

Question 4

what is incidence useful for understanding

Answer 4

cause of disease

burden of disease of short duration

Question 5

how do you calculate incidence

Answer 5

number of new people with outcome divided by total number of people times by 100,000

Question 6

what can affect service utilisation

Answer 6

apparent- problems with data collection or analysis
real- prevalence of condition
access- difficult or easy?
co-morbidities
different clinical practice
population demographics
specialist hospital service
number of staff available to provide the service, amount of equipment
guidelines for when service should be provided
patient willingness to access service and health education and engagement

Question 7

what is the major reason for differences in healthcare utilisation

Answer 7

service availability

Question 8

what is the inverse care law

Answer 8

areas with the greatest need have the lowest amount of healthcare resources

Question 9

what is bradshaw’s taxonomy of social need

Answer 9

normative need
comparative need
expressed need
felt need

Question 10

what factors affect healthcare priority setting

Answer 10

age structure and fertility rate
prevalence of disease
resources available 
workforce, facilities, equipment, drugs, supply chain, funding, 
risk factors for disease
data available 
women and children health 
occupation health and conditions affecting workers 
health problems of older people 
prevention
rehab 
palliation 
who funds healthcare
politics 
insurance companies 
what patients want and patient engagement 
carers
public health 
managers

Question 11

what is normative need

Answer 11

defined by experts

e.g. vaccinations

Question 12

what is felt need

Answer 12

need perceived by an individual

limited by individual perceptions and knowledge of services

Question 13

what is expressed need

Answer 13

seeking help

Question 14

what is comparative need

Answer 14

individuals with similar characteristics of those receiving help