infections in pregnancy and the neonate Flashcards
what does perinatal mean
22 weeks of gestation to seven days after birth
what does neonatal mean
first 28 days
what does postnatal mean
first 6 weeks after birth
how can infections spread from mother to baby
across the placenta
during birth with direct contact with maternal body fluids
after birth
what does rubella before conception or in the first trimester cause
may lead to congenital rubella syndrome
what are the features of congenital rubella
jaundice, haemolysis, thrombocytopaenia
microcephalus, cataract, deafness, heart defects, low birth weight, spontaneous abortion
why is rubella pre natal screening being stopped
rubella effectively eliminated
no benefit
what is varicella zoster virus
causes chickenpox and shingles
what are the features of congenital varicella syndrome
maternal infection in 1st 20 weeks
eye defects, hypoplastic limb syndrome, microcephalus, rash, pneumonitis
how is VZV treated
aciclovir (IV)
immuunoglobulin
what is parvovirus
maternal infection during first 20 weeks
foetal anaemia, hydrops
slapped cheek syndrome aka fifth disease
not dangerous in most people
how is parvovirus b19 diagnosed
amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling
monitor for foetal ascites
what is hydrops
abnormal fluid accumulation in a compartment
what is CMV
maternal infection may cause deafness or mental retardation
diagnosed with NAAT
in amniotic fluid and neonatal urine or blood
what is listeriosis
transplacental transmission
infection in early pregnancy can lead to foetal death
in later pregnancy can lead to prematurity
what are the complications of foetal infection of listeriosis
bacteraemia hepatosplenomegaly meningoencephaly thrombocytopaenia pneumonitis, meningitis
what is lochia
vaginal discharge after giving birth
contains blood, mucus and uterine tissue
continues for about 6 weeks
what foods are risky for listeriosis
unpasteurised milk
cold meat
soft cheese
smoked fish
what is toxoplasmosis
toxoplasma gondii host is cats faecal spread found in under cooked meat, infected fruit and veg 1 in 4 chance of transmission
what are the complications of toxoplasmosis
stillborn death soon after birth cerebral calcification cerebral palsy epilepsy chorioretinitis
confirmed by Igm antibodies
treated with spiramycin
what is the risk of vertical transmission with HIV
30%
greater if high viral load, increasing age
what can reduce the risk of HIV infection
counselling
medication
elective caesarean
no breastfeeding
treponema pallidum
syphilis
what does syphilis do
fever, rash, condylomata, mucosal fissures
how is syphilis treated
benzylpenicillin
what causes scolded skin syndrome
staph aureus
what are the features of zika
aedes mosquito
fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis
sexually transmitted
microcephaly and guillian- barre syndrome
no treatment, try to prevent
what family is CMV in
herpes
what is the most likely cause of conjunctivitis in newborns
neisseria gonnorhoea
how do you treat thrush
fluconazole
what bacteria did typhoid mary cary
salmonella typhi
what are the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome
two or more: resp rate >20 HR> 90 temp 38 white cell count 12
