infections in pregnancy and the neonate

Question 1

what does perinatal mean

Answer 1

22 weeks of gestation to seven days after birth

Question 2

what does neonatal mean

Answer 2

first 28 days

Question 3

what does postnatal mean

Answer 3

first 6 weeks after birth

Question 4

how can infections spread from mother to baby

Answer 4

across the placenta
during birth with direct contact with maternal body fluids
after birth

Question 5

what does rubella before conception or in the first trimester cause

Answer 5

may lead to congenital rubella syndrome

Question 6

what are the features of congenital rubella

Answer 6

jaundice, haemolysis, thrombocytopaenia

microcephalus, cataract, deafness, heart defects, low birth weight, spontaneous abortion

Question 7

why is rubella pre natal screening being stopped

Answer 7

rubella effectively eliminated

no benefit

Question 8

what is varicella zoster virus

Answer 8

causes chickenpox and shingles

Question 9

what are the features of congenital varicella syndrome

Answer 9

maternal infection in 1st 20 weeks

eye defects, hypoplastic limb syndrome, microcephalus, rash, pneumonitis

Question 10

how is VZV treated

Answer 10

aciclovir (IV)

immuunoglobulin

Question 11

what is parvovirus

Answer 11

maternal infection during first 20 weeks

foetal anaemia, hydrops

slapped cheek syndrome aka fifth disease

not dangerous in most people

Question 12

how is parvovirus b19 diagnosed

Answer 12

amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling

monitor for foetal ascites

Question 13

what is hydrops

Answer 13

abnormal fluid accumulation in a compartment

Question 14

what is CMV

Answer 14

maternal infection may cause deafness or mental retardation

diagnosed with NAAT
in amniotic fluid and neonatal urine or blood

Question 15

what is listeriosis

Answer 15

transplacental transmission
infection in early pregnancy can lead to foetal death
in later pregnancy can lead to prematurity

Question 16

what are the complications of foetal infection of listeriosis

Answer 16

bacteraemia
hepatosplenomegaly
meningoencephaly
thrombocytopaenia
pneumonitis, meningitis

Question 17

what is lochia

Answer 17

vaginal discharge after giving birth
contains blood, mucus and uterine tissue
continues for about 6 weeks

Question 18

what foods are risky for listeriosis

Answer 18

unpasteurised milk
cold meat
soft cheese
smoked fish

Question 19

what is toxoplasmosis

Answer 19

toxoplasma gondii
host is cats
faecal spread
found in under cooked meat, infected fruit and veg 
1 in 4 chance of transmission

Question 20

what are the complications of toxoplasmosis

Answer 20

stillborn
death soon after birth
cerebral calcification 
cerebral palsy
epilepsy 
chorioretinitis

confirmed by Igm antibodies

treated with spiramycin

Question 21

what is the risk of vertical transmission with HIV

Answer 21

30%

greater if high viral load, increasing age

Question 22

what can reduce the risk of HIV infection

Answer 22

counselling
medication
elective caesarean
no breastfeeding

Question 23

treponema pallidum

Answer 23

syphilis

Question 24

what does syphilis do

Answer 24

fever, rash, condylomata, mucosal fissures

Question 25

how is syphilis treated

Answer 25

benzylpenicillin

Question 26

what causes scolded skin syndrome

Answer 26

staph aureus

Question 27

what are the features of zika

Answer 27

aedes mosquito
fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis
sexually transmitted
microcephaly and guillian- barre syndrome

no treatment, try to prevent

Question 28

what family is CMV in

Answer 28

herpes

Question 29

what is the most likely cause of conjunctivitis in newborns

Answer 29

neisseria gonnorhoea

Question 30

how do you treat thrush

Answer 30

fluconazole

Question 31

what bacteria did typhoid mary cary

Answer 31

salmonella typhi

Question 32

what are the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Answer 32

two or more:
resp rate >20
HR> 90 
temp  38
white cell count  12