dysfunction of the male system

Question 1

what are the stages of male genitalia maturation

Answer 1

stage one: nothing

2: testicular enlargement, start of pubic hair
3: penal enlargment, more pubic hair
4: further enlargment and darkening of pubic hair
5: adult genital appearance

Question 2

what is the first sign of male puberty

Answer 2

growth of testes caused by seminiferous tubular enlargement (fsh)

Question 3

at what stage does sperm production start

Answer 3

between 2 and 3

Question 4

what is the average age of male puberty

Answer 4

14

Question 5

when are the hypothalamus and pituritary gland connected

Answer 5

20 weeks gestastion

Question 6

what does FSH do during puberty

Answer 6

stimulates enlargement of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis

Question 7

what do the Leydig cells produce

Answer 7

testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, oestrodiol

Question 8

what protein binds to testosterone

Answer 8

testosterone binding globulin

Question 9

what cell produces inhibin

Answer 9

sertoli- negative feedback on FSH

Question 10

what is delayed puberty

Answer 10

after 95% of other children have entered puberty

Question 11

what can cause a temporary delay in puberty

Answer 11

familial
chronic illness
malnutrition
hormonal disturbance

Question 12

what are the types of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

Answer 12

Kallman’s syndrome + anosmia

hypopituritsm (tumour/ trauma)

Question 13

what are the types of hypergonadotrophic hypogonidism

Answer 13

klinefelter's (xxy)
anorchia 
orchiditis (mumps)
radiation/ chemo
castration

Question 14

what is Kallmann’s

Answer 14

failure of hypothalamic neurones to migrate into the hypothalamus

Question 15

what is anorchia

Answer 15

no testes

Question 16

what are the disadvantages of treating late puberty

Answer 16

early fusion of epiphyses

Question 17

a boy presents with late puberty, headache and diabetes insipidus. what do you suspect?

Answer 17

pituritary tumour

Question 18

what are the symptoms of hypogonadism

Answer 18

sexual dysfunction 
fatigue
depression 
osteoporosis
low muscle mass and strength
low hair