anatomy revision Flashcards
what is the blood supply to the pancreas
SMA- inferior pancreaticoduodenal
splenic- greater and dorsal
gastroduodenal - superior pancreaticoduodenal
what are the boundaries of Calot’s triangle
inferior border or right lobe of liver
common hepatic duct
cystic duct
what is calot’s triangle used to locate
cystic artery
where is pain referred from the gallbladder
epigastrium and shoulder tip via supraclavicular nerve
what is Kocher’s manoever
reflecting the duodenum
what is the autonomic supply to the hindgut
symp- T12
p’symp - S2-4 (not vagus)
what is the marginal artery of drummond
anastomosis with the SMA and IMA
how do nerves supplying muscles of the abdominal wall terminate
as cutaneous nerves
what nerve pierces external oblique above the superficial inguinal ring
iliohypogastric
which nerve emerges through the superficial inguinal ring
ilioinguinal
why might iliohypogastric nerve injury cause a hernia
it supplies the fibres of internal obliqu and TA that form the conjoint tendon. could by caused by lateral extension of an appendectomy inscision
what is the nerve supply of gen fem
L1,2
what is the femoral nerve formed from
L3-4
what is the subcostal nerve formed from
T12
what is the arterial supply to the abdominal wall
intercostal and lumbar arteries, superior, inferior and superficial epigastrics and circumflex iliacs
what is the superior epigastric artery a branch of
internal thoracic
supplies the upper
central part of the anterior
abdominal wall, and anastomoses
with the inferior epigastric artery
collateral circulation for obstructed aorta
what is the blood supply of the upper lateral abdominal wall
musculophrenic artery from the internal thoracic
what is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of
external iliac
it ascends behind the rectus muscle
what is the arcuate line
marks the inferior limit of the posterior rectus sheath and where inferior epigastric pierces RA
what is the deep circumflex artery a branch of
external iliac, just above the inguinal ligament
runs along iliac crest
what is the superficial circumflex iliac and superficial epigastric artery a branch of
femoral
what veins drain into the great saphenous vein
The superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac
superficial and deep external pudendal veins
important for varicose vein surgery
what does superficial external pudendal artery supply
skin of penis, scrotum, labia majora and mons pubis
what is the venous drainage of skin surrounding the umbilicus
femoral and external iliac veins inferiorly; and the internal thoracic and
axillary veins superiorly
also paraumbilical veins which drain to the portal vein forming a portosystemic anastomosis
what is the lymph drainage of the abdo wall
posterior/ anterior axillary nodes and superficial inguinal
what do the axillary nodes drain into
the subclavian lymph trunk
what do the superficial inguinal nodes drain to
deep inguinal, external iliac, para aortic
how does deep abdominal wall lymph drain
in parallel with the epigastrics
external iliac and paraaortic
parasternal and mediastinal nodes
what is a muscle splitting loin used for
appendectomy
what can cause to a femoral hernia
only TA and IO are attached to thoracolumbar fascia not external oblique
Some damn englishman called it the testes
skin dartos external spermatic fascia cremasteric internal spermatic fascia tunica vaginalis tunica albuginea
what is external oblique attached to
lower eight ribs, lateral lip of iliac crest, aponeurosis to linea alba via rectus sheath
where is the superficial inguinal ring
opening in external oblique aponeurosis with base on the pubic crest
what part of the inguinal ligament is internal oblique attached to
the lateral 2/3rds
what is internal oblique attached to
thoraco lumbar fascia iliac crest inguinal ligament lower 4 ribs pubic crest behind the superficial inguinal ring via conjoint tendon linea alba via RA
what is the nerve supply of internal oblique
T7-12 and L1
what is transversus abdominis attached to
lateral half of inguinal ligament thoraco lumbar fascia iliac crest pubic crest behind the superficial inguinal ring via conjoint tendon linea alba via RA lower 6 ribs
what are the attachments of the conjoint tendon
pubic crest and pectineal line
supports the inguinal ring
what are the attachments of RA
ribs 5-7 pubic symphysis pubic crest pectineal line xiphoid
where is the deep ring
formed from TA
lateral to inferior epigastrics
what are the boundaries of the inguinal canal
Ant: external oblique, with internal oblique laterally
Post: conjoint tendon medially; transversalis fascia laterally
Roof: arching fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
Floor: inrolled lower edge of inguinal ligament, strengthened medially by lacunar ligament
where are inguinal hernias found
above and medial to the inguinal ligament
what is Hesslebachs triangle
location of direct inguinal hernias
boundaries: RA, inferior epigastrics, inguinal ligament
