Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards
What are the sterile and non sterile sites of the urinary tract?
STERILE:
- Kidneys
- ureters
- Bladder
PERINEAL FLORA:
-Urethra
What is Cystitis?
Lower urinary tract infection
has some of the following symptoms:
- Dysuria (painful urination)
- urinary frequency
- urgency
- supra pubic pain / tenderness
- polyuria , nocturia, haematuria
What are some of the symptoms of Cystitis?
1) Dysuria (painful urination)
2) Urinary frequency
3) urgency
4) supra-pubic pain
5) polyuria, nocturia, haematuria
What is Pyelonephritis? What are some of the symptoms?
Upper urinary tract infection. (infection of kidney/renal pelvis)
*with FEVER and Loin pain
(has the same symptoms as lower urinary tract infection)
1) Dysuria (painful urination)
2) Urinary frequency
3) urgency
4) supra-pubic pain
5) polyuria, nocturia, haematuria
What would be the signs that pyelonephritis is caused by a systemic infection?
- rigors
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhoea
- Elevated CRP and WBC
What is urethral syndrome?
aka abacterial cystitis / frequency-dysuria syndrome.
*symptoms of lower UTI without infection
What is significant bacteriuria?
It is part of the Kass Criteria to measure whether the bacteria in the urine sample is because of bacterial contamination from the urethral meatus or whether it is actually bacteria from the urinary tract.
*If bacterial count is 10^5 cfu/ml then it is significant bacteriuria
What is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
Although there is significant bacteriuria according to the kass criteria there are no symptoms of a urinary tract infection.
What is steril pyuria?
pus cells in urine
What are the predisposing factors for UTI?
1) female sex
2) Urinary stasis
3) Instrumentation
4) Sexual intercourse
5) Fistulae
6) Congentil abnormalities (vesico-ureteric reflux)
What congenital abnormality can increase risk of UTI?
Vesico-ureteric reflux
What are the organisms causing UTI?
1) E.Coli
2) Staphylococcus saprophyticus
3) Proteus mirabilis
4) Enterococcus spp
5) Klebsiella spp
6) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
what are the sources of infection?
1) Perineum
2) Fistulae
3) Haematogenous (rare)
What are the causes of sterile pyuria?
1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2) Haemophilus spp.
3) Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
4) stones
When would we do a blood test for UTI?
do a blood test for suspected pyelonephritis
