Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (core immunology) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of sensitivity and specificity?

A

SENSITIVITY:
-measure of how good the test is in identifying people with the disease.

SPECIFICITY:
-measure of how good the test is at correctly identifying people without the disease.

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2
Q

What is a positive predictive value?

A

The proportion of people with a positive test who have the target disorder.

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3
Q

What is a negative prediction value?

A

the proportion of people with a negative test who do not have the target disorder

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4
Q

Give examples of non specific markers of systemic inflammation?

A

1) ferretin
2) CRP (C-reactive protein)
3) ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
4) fibrinogen
5) Haptoglobin
6) Albumin
7) complement

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5
Q

What is Rheumatoid factor?

A

Search Results
Rheumatoid factors are proteins produced by immune system, can attack healthy tissue. High levels of rheumatoid factor in the blood are associated with autoimmune diseases, eg.rheumatoid arthritis.

-usually antibodies (IgM, IgG or IgA)

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6
Q

What marker is 95% specific for Rheumatoid arthritis than Rheumatoid factor?

A

Anti-CCP (ACPA)

ACPA positive patients tend to have more sever and erosive disease,

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7
Q

Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were first described as an autoantibody specific for what disease?

A

Wegeners granulomatosis

(AKA Granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

Also associated with:
Microscopic polyangiitis and churg-strauss syndrome

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8
Q

What ANCA associated systemic vascultidies causes alveoral haemorrhage?

A

All 3 :
Wegener’s granulomatosis
Microscopic polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss syndrome

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9
Q

How useful is ANCA testing ?

A
  • a positive ANCA is useful in suggesting the diagnosis

- a negative ANCA does not exclude AASV (ANCA associated systemic vasculitidies)

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10
Q

What antibody is specific for primary biliary sclerosis?

A

Anti-mitochondrial antibody

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11
Q

In what disease is anti smooth muscle and anti liver/kidney antibodies found in?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

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12
Q

What types of autoantibodies are present in type 1 diabetes?

A

1) Islet cell antibodies
2) Anti-GAD65 and Anti-GAD67
3) insulin autoantibodies (IAAs)
4) Anti-insulinoma antigen

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