Diseases of Musculoskeletal system 2

Question 1

What is the embryological origin of bone?

Answer 1

Mesoderm

Ectoderm - skin
Mesoderm - soft tissue (bone, muscle, adipose …)
Endoderm - internal organs

Question 2

Lipoma

Answer 2

Fat tissue benign tumour

Question 3

Fibroma

Answer 3

Fibrous tissue - benign tumour

Question 4

Leiomyomas

Answer 4

smooth muscle - benign tumour

Question 5

Haemangiomas

Answer 5

blood vessel - benign tumour

Question 6

Lymphangiomas

Answer 6

lymphatics - benign tumour

Question 7

neuromas

Answer 7

peripheral nerve -benign tumour

Question 8

What is a carcinoma?>

Answer 8

tumour from epithelial tissue

Question 9

What is a sarcoma

Answer 9

malignant soft tissue tumour

Question 10

How do sarcomas metastasize?

Answer 10

sarcomas spread via the blood stream to liver, lung and brain. Sarcomas do not go to lymph nodes

*carcinomas metastasise via the lymphatics

Question 11

What is gardner syndrome?

Answer 11

Gardner syndrome is a form of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). it is characterized by polyps in the colon and tumours outside the colon such as fibromas (benign tumours of connective tissue)

Question 12

What is turner syndrome?

Answer 12

turner syndrome = 45, X

Female is missing or has incomplete X chromosome resulting in underdeveloped ovaries and reduced height.

Question 13

Name some benign bone tumours

Answer 13

Osteomas (bone grows on bone)

Osteoblastomas

Question 14

Name a benign cartilage tumour

Answer 14

Chondroma

Question 15

Name a malignant bone tumour

Answer 15

Osteosarcoma

Question 16

What is a giant cell tumour?

Answer 16

rare, aggressive non-cancerous (benign) tumor. It generally occurs in adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Many “giant” cells are seen caused by the fusion of many cells into one.

Question 17

What is Ewing’s Sarcoma?

Answer 17

malignant small, round, blue cell tumor. It is a rare disease in which cancer cells are found in the bone or in soft tissue.

Question 18

where do metatastic bone tumours tend to originate from?

Answer 18

breas, lung , prostate ect.

Question 19

What is Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

Answer 19

SLE is a systemic chronic autoimmune disease that can affect many different areas including:

• skin (butterfly rash)
• Cardiac (endocarditis)
• CNS
• renal (nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis)
• joints (arthritis)

Question 20

What sex does SLE affect the most

Answer 20

female

Question 21

What is systemic sclerosis?

Answer 21

autoimmune disease of the connective tissue. It is characterized by thickening of the skin caused by accumulation of collagen, and by injuries to the smallest arteries
-has a poor prognosis

Question 22

what condition is associated with giant cell arteritis and also cause stiffness, weakness and aches in the neck muscles/

Answer 22

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Question 23

What is myopathy?

Answer 23

Muscle disease that is UNRELATED to any disorder of innervation or neuromuscular function

Question 24

What is myositis?

Answer 24

muscle fibres and overlying skin are inflamed resulting in muscle weakness

Question 25

what is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 25

-progressively sever muscle weakness and wasting

Question 26

what is malignant hyperthmia?

Answer 26

it is an inherited condition where the body temp rises quickly and muscles contract in response to general anaesthesia`

Question 27

What is Rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 27

Destruction of skeletal muscle causes the release of muscle fibre content into the blood stream.

*when filtered through the kidney causes urine to turn brown

Question 28

What causes rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 28

1) trauma
2) Extreme temp
3) Severe exertion e.g. marathon
4) long surgery
5) dehydration

Question 29

what is an important complication of rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 29

Acute Renal failure

Question 30

what metabolic myopathies?

Answer 30

disorders of mitochondrial metabolism