Diseases of Head and Neck - skin and soft tissue pathology

Question 1

What is the 6th most common cancer worldwide?

Answer 1

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 2

What are the risk factors of oral cavity carcinoma?

Answer 2

• tobacco
• alcohol
• Diet
• Fam history

Question 3

What is a viral cause of oral cavity carcinoma?

Answer 3

HPV

Question 4

what strain of HPV causes carcinoma of the oral cavity?

Answer 4

HPV 16 and 18

Question 5

What foods are risk factors of oral cavity carcinoma?

Answer 5

Meat and red chilli powder

Question 6

What foods are protective againsts oral neoplasia?

Answer 6

foods high in vitamins A and C

Question 7

Name some pre-cancerous lesions and conditons that can lead to oral carcinoma.

Answer 7

1) Submucous fibrosis
2) Actinic keratosis
3) Lichen Planus
4) Leukoplakia and erythroplakia
5) Chronic hyperplastic candidosis

Question 8

What is Lichen Planus?

Answer 8

Lichen planus (LP) is a disease of the skin and/or mucous membranes that resembles lichen. (thought to be autoimmune)

Question 9

what is leukoplakia?

Answer 9

areas of keratosis appear as firmly attached white patches on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity,

Question 10

What is erythroplakia?

Answer 10

red patched on mucous membrane

Question 11

what is chronic hyperplastic candidosis?

Answer 11

variant of oral candidosis that appears as a whit patch on mucous membranes.

Question 12

What strains of HPV cause laryngeal carcinoma?

Answer 12

6 and 11

Question 13

what type of cancer are metal and plastic workers at a higher risk of getting?

Answer 13

carcinoma of the larynx

Question 14

What condition is associated with cutaneous lesions that are itchy, purple, papules forming plaques with wickham’s striae?

Answer 14

Lichen Planus

Question 15

what condition is associated with oral lesions that are reticular striations, plaque like, erosive, ulcerative lesions and also associated with desquamative gingivitis?

Answer 15

Lichen Planus

Question 16

What is most commonly associated with voice change such as hoarseness?

Answer 16

Vocal nodules and polyps

Question 17

Recurrent attacks of rhinitis can eventually lead to this condition . .

Answer 17

Nasal polyps

Question 18

What can arise from an extension of a periapical infection from an upper tooth through the antral floor?

Answer 18

Maxillary Sinusitis

Question 19

What are the potential complications of sinusitis?

Answer 19

potential of spread into the orbit or into the bone leading to cranial osteomyelitis. Also meningitis or cerebral abscesses.

Question 20

What is otitis media?

Answer 20

middle ear infection.

Question 21

What is the cause of acute otitis media?

Answer 21

Acute is often from bacterial infections caused by strep pneumoniae, H.Influenza, Moraxella Catarrhalis.

Question 22

What is the cause of chronic otitis media?

Answer 22

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

- Staphylococcus aureus

Question 23

What is cholesteatoma?

Answer 23

chronic inflammation and perforation of the eardrum caused by ingrowth of the squamous epithelium.

Question 24

What is Otosclerosis/

Answer 24

abnormal bone deposition in the middle ear.

usually bilateral

Question 25

What is labyrinthitis?

Answer 25

Inflammatory disorder of the inner ear or labyrinth. can be due to an bacteria / viral or autoimmune process such as wegener ganulomatosis or polyarteritis nodosa.

Question 26

What condition of the external ear (pinna) is associated with actinic radiation and tends to occur in elderly men?

Answer 26

Basal cell and sqaumous cell carcinoma

Question 27

what are paragangliomas?

Answer 27

mos common tumour of the middle ear that originates in the paraganglia.

Question 28

What tumour are the following symptoms associated with? - pulsatile tinnitus - hearing loss - aural pressure - dizziness - otalgia - bloody otorrhea

Answer 28

Paragangliomas