Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (respiratory pathology)

Question 1

Name some of the normal flora present in the upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

1) Streptococcus Viridans
3) Neisseris spp
4) Streptococcus pneumoniae
6) Haemophilus influenza
7) Streptococcus pyogenes
8) Neisseria meningitis

Question 2

What of the following bacteria causes Whooping Cough?

a) Haemophilus Influenzae
b) Streptococcus pyogenes
c) Bordetella pertussis

Answer 2

Bordetella pertusis causes whooping cough

Question 3

Who is most effected by upper respiratory tract infection?

Answer 3

• young children / teenagers

- immunosuppressed

Question 4

What are the causes of the common cold?

Answer 4

1) Rhinovirus
2) coronovirus
3) Respiratory Syncytial Virus
4) parainfluenza viruses
5) enteroviruses
6) adenovirus

Question 5

Which out of the following is NOT a viral causes of common cold?

1) Rhinovirus
2) Coronovirus
3) Bordetella pertussis
4) Respiratory Syncytial virus
5) Enteroviruses
6) Adenovirus
7) Haemophilus influenzae
8) Staph aureus

Answer 5

The following are bacteria so do not cause viral common cold:

3) Bordetella Pertusis (causes whooping cough)
7) Haemophilus influenzae
8) Staph aureus

Question 6

The symptoms of rhino-sinusitis are facial pain, nasal blockage and reduction in smell.
What are the organisms that cause post viral inflammation?

Answer 6

1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) Haemophilus Influenzae
3) Streptococcus milleri group
4) anaerobes
5) fungal infection

Question 7

What are the complications of chronic sinusitis?

Answer 7

• Osteomyelitis
• meningitis
• cerebral abscess

Question 8

What are the viral causes of pharyngitis / tonsilitis?

Answer 8

1) RSV (respiratoru Syncytial virus)
2) Influenza
3) Adeno virus
4) EBV
5) HSV1

Question 9

What are the bacterial causes of pharyngitis / tonsilitis?

Answer 9

1) Streptococcus pyogenes

Rarely:

2) Neisseria gonorrhoea
3) Corynebacterium diptheriae
4) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
5) Chlamydophilia

Question 10

What are following symptoms associated with :

• dysphagia
• fever
• headache
• red tonsillar/uvular area
• exudate
• Lyphadenopathy

Answer 10

Pharyngitis / Tonsilitis

Question 11

What are the complications associated with a group A streptoccal infection (strep pyogenes)?

Answer 11

Group A Streptoccal Infections (Strep Pyogenes can cause pharyngitis /tonsilitis. These are common in children.

Complications:
Acute glomerulonephritis
Rheumatic fever
Scarlet fever

Question 12

What is the cause of glandular fever (kissing disease)?

Answer 12

EBV

Epstein - Barr virus

Question 13

What antibiotics should be avoided when treating EBV mononucleosis?

Answer 13

Ampicillin

Question 14

Why is epiglottitis a medical emmergency/

Answer 14

Inflammation of the epiglottis can cause airway obstruction

Question 15

What is the cause of croup / acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 15

VIRAL:

• Parainfluenza type 2
• RSV

Question 16

What is the incubation period of Bordetella Pertissos (whooping cough)?

Answer 16

1-3weeks

Question 17

What is otitis externa?

Answer 17

Infection of the external auditory canal

Question 18

What are the main organisms which cause acute otitis externa?

Answer 18

• Staph Aureus

- Pseudomonas (especially after swimming)

Question 19

How can malignant otitis externa become life threatening?

Answer 19

if spread ti temporal bone, base of skull, meninges of brain.

Question 20

Middle ear inflammation with fluid present in the middle ear is common to what condition?

*fever, pain, impaired hearing along with a red bulging tympanic membrane are common symptoms.

Answer 20

Otitis Media

Question 21

What is mastoiditis?

Answer 21

Mastoiditis is inflammation of the mastoid air cells after a middle ear infection.
Pus collects in cells and may proceed to necrosis of bone.

Question 22

What is vincent’s angina?

Answer 22

is an acute necrotising infection of pharynx. Caused by infection from the gums.