Urinary system Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the urinary system and what are their functions?

A

Kidney - maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

Ureter - Passes urine from kidney to bladder

Bladder - Stores urine

Urethra - Passes urine from bladder to outside body

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2
Q

Over what vertebral levels do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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3
Q

At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?

A

L1

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4
Q

Which kidney is lower down and why?

A

Right kidney - because of the liver

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5
Q

What happens to the kidneys during inspiration?

A

Kidneys move down

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6
Q

Which nerve provides parasympathetic supply to the kidneys?

A

Vagus

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7
Q

Which group of lymph nodes drain the kidneys?

A

Para-aortic

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8
Q

What are the most common embryological anomolies that can occur in the renal system?

A

Horeshoe kidney

Duplicated ureter

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9
Q

What happens to renal arteries upon entering the hiulm of the kidneys?

A

They divide into 4 or 5 branches?

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10
Q

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1

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11
Q

Does the left renal vein travel in front or behind the IVC?

A

In front

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12
Q

Does the right renal artery travel in front or behind the IVC?

A

Behind

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13
Q

What other vein drains into the left renal vein?

A

Gonadal vein

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14
Q

Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?

A

IVC

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15
Q

What is the start of ureter called?

A

Renal pelvis

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16
Q

Where does the renal pelvis lie in relation to the other renal vessels?

17
Q

On which muscle does the ureter rest as it descends?

A

Psoas Major

18
Q

The bifurcation of which arteries are crossed by the ureters?

A

Common iliac arteries

19
Q

In males, what structure passes superior to the ureter?

A

Vas deferens

20
Q

What are the 3 sites where renal stones usually lodge within the ureters?

A

PUJ

VUJ

Crossing Iliac arteries

21
Q

Which part of the bladder do the ureters enter?

22
Q

From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?

A

Neck of bladder

23
Q

What type of muscle makes up the walls of the bladder?

A

Smooth muscle (detrusor)

24
Q

What is the bony joint immediately anterior to the bladder?

A

Pubic symphysis

25
What type of epithelium lines the bladder and ureters?
Transitional epithelium
26
What is the advantage of having transitional epithelium lining the bladder and ureters?
It can be strecthed easily