Urinary system Anatomy

Question 1

What are the components of the urinary system and what are their functions?

Answer 1

Kidney - maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

Ureter - Passes urine from kidney to bladder

Bladder - Stores urine

Urethra - Passes urine from bladder to outside body

Question 2

Over what vertebral levels do the kidneys lie?

Answer 2

T12-L3

Question 3

At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?

Answer 3

L1

Question 4

Which kidney is lower down and why?

Answer 4

Right kidney - because of the liver

Question 5

What happens to the kidneys during inspiration?

Answer 5

Kidneys move down

Question 6

Which nerve provides parasympathetic supply to the kidneys?

Answer 6

Vagus

Question 7

Which group of lymph nodes drain the kidneys?

Answer 7

Para-aortic

Question 8

What are the most common embryological anomolies that can occur in the renal system?

Answer 8

Horeshoe kidney

Duplicated ureter

Question 9

What happens to renal arteries upon entering the hiulm of the kidneys?

Answer 9

They divide into 4 or 5 branches?

Question 10

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 10

L1

Question 11

Does the left renal vein travel in front or behind the IVC?

Answer 11

In front

Question 12

Does the right renal artery travel in front or behind the IVC?

Answer 12

Behind

Question 13

What other vein drains into the left renal vein?

Answer 13

Gonadal vein

Question 14

Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?

Answer 14

IVC

Question 15

What is the start of ureter called?

Answer 15

Renal pelvis

Question 16

Where does the renal pelvis lie in relation to the other renal vessels?

Answer 16

Posterior

Question 17

On which muscle does the ureter rest as it descends?

Answer 17

Psoas Major

Question 18

The bifurcation of which arteries are crossed by the ureters?

Answer 18

Common iliac arteries

Question 19

In males, what structure passes superior to the ureter?

Answer 19

Vas deferens

Question 20

What are the 3 sites where renal stones usually lodge within the ureters?

Answer 20

PUJ

VUJ

Crossing Iliac arteries

Question 21

Which part of the bladder do the ureters enter?

Answer 21

Lateral

Question 22

From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?

Answer 22

Neck of bladder

Question 23

What type of muscle makes up the walls of the bladder?

Answer 23

Smooth muscle (detrusor)

Question 24

What is the bony joint immediately anterior to the bladder?

Answer 24

Pubic symphysis

Question 25

What type of epithelium lines the bladder and ureters?

Answer 25

Transitional epithelium

Question 26

What is the advantage of having transitional epithelium lining the bladder and ureters?

Answer 26

It can be strecthed easily