Urinary system Anatomy Flashcards
What are the components of the urinary system and what are their functions?
Kidney - maintains homeostasis by blood filtration
Ureter - Passes urine from kidney to bladder
Bladder - Stores urine
Urethra - Passes urine from bladder to outside body
Over what vertebral levels do the kidneys lie?
T12-L3
At what vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie?
L1
Which kidney is lower down and why?
Right kidney - because of the liver
What happens to the kidneys during inspiration?
Kidneys move down
Which nerve provides parasympathetic supply to the kidneys?
Vagus
Which group of lymph nodes drain the kidneys?
Para-aortic
What are the most common embryological anomolies that can occur in the renal system?
Horeshoe kidney
Duplicated ureter
What happens to renal arteries upon entering the hiulm of the kidneys?
They divide into 4 or 5 branches?
At what vertebral level do the renal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?
L1
Does the left renal vein travel in front or behind the IVC?
In front
Does the right renal artery travel in front or behind the IVC?
Behind
What other vein drains into the left renal vein?
Gonadal vein
Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?
IVC
What is the start of ureter called?
Renal pelvis
Where does the renal pelvis lie in relation to the other renal vessels?
Posterior
On which muscle does the ureter rest as it descends?
Psoas Major
The bifurcation of which arteries are crossed by the ureters?
Common iliac arteries
In males, what structure passes superior to the ureter?
Vas deferens
What are the 3 sites where renal stones usually lodge within the ureters?
PUJ
VUJ
Crossing Iliac arteries
Which part of the bladder do the ureters enter?
Lateral
From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?
Neck of bladder
What type of muscle makes up the walls of the bladder?
Smooth muscle (detrusor)
What is the bony joint immediately anterior to the bladder?
Pubic symphysis
What type of epithelium lines the bladder and ureters?
Transitional epithelium
What is the advantage of having transitional epithelium lining the bladder and ureters?
It can be strecthed easily
