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Anatomy > Peritoneum, Posterior Abdominal Wall, Blood and Nerve Supply to Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Peritoneum, Posterior Abdominal Wall, Blood and Nerve Supply to Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the peritoneum?

A

1) Parietal
2) Visceral

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2
Q

What structures can be formed by the peritoneum?

A

1) Mesenteries
2) Omenta

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3
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

A potential space lying between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

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4
Q

What are the major divisions of the peritoneal cavity?

A

1) Greater sac
2) Lesser sac

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5
Q

How do these 2 areas of the peritoneal cavity communicate?

A

Through the epiploic foramen

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6
Q

What important structures lie in close relation to the epiploic foramen?

A

Portal vein

IVC

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7
Q

In what ways can viscera be peritonised?

A

Intraperitonised

Retroperitonised

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8
Q

What organs are intraperitoneal?

A

Stomach

Liver

Spleen

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9
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

S - Suprarenal glands

A - Aorta/IVC

D - Duodenum

P - Pancreas (except tail)

U - Ureters

C - Colon Ascending + descending

K - Kidneys

E - Eosophagus

R - Rectum

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10
Q

What is present within the peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneal fluid ONLY

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11
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain & temperature?

A

Parietal layer

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12
Q

Label the following diagram with the following:

Epiploic foramen

Greater sac

Lesser sac

Greater omentum

Lesser omentum

A
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13
Q

What is the greater omentum attached to?

A

1) Greater curvature of the stomach
2) Anterior surface of transverse colon

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14
Q

What is the lesser omentum attached to?

A

1) Lesser curvature of the stomach
2) Liver

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15
Q

What is the greater omentum commonly refered to as?

A

Abdominal policeman - it can move to sites of infection in order to localise the infection and prevent spread

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16
Q

How is pain in the peritoneum characterized?

A

Parietal pain - Very well localized and extremely sensitive to stretching (made use of in the clinic by using rebound tenderness), innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves (T6-T12)

Visceral pain - Poorly localized and innervated by ANS, pain is usually refered and is dull and in the midline

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17
Q

What muscles are found on the posterior abdominal wall?

A

1) Quadratus lumborum
2) Psoas major
3) Psoas minor
4) Iliacus

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18
Q

What organs are located on the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Pancreas
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19
Q

What are the main vessels found in the posterior abdominal wall?

A

IVC

Abdominal aorta

20
Q

What nerves are found within the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Femoral nerves

Lumbar nerves

21
Q

What are the 3 major openings of the diaphragm?

A

T8 - IVC

T10 - Eospohagus

T12 - Aorta

22
Q

What are the 3 major branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the gut tube?

A

1) Coeliac trunk (T12)
2) SMA (L1)
3) IMA (L3)

23
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta divide into 2 common iliac arteries?

A

L4

24
Q

Which 2 veins join to form the IVC in the abdomen?

A

Right & left common iliac veins

25
Q

What structures are found in the foregut?

A

Abdominal part of oesophagus

Stomach

26
Q

What structures are found in the midgut?

A

From Duodenum to 2/3 Transverse Colon

27
Q

What structures are found in the hindgut?

A

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

28
Q

What arteries supply the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A

Foregut - Coeliac trunk

Midgut - SMA

Hindgut - IMA

29
Q

What other organ are derived from the foregut and midgut?

A

Foregut:

  • Spleen
  • Pancreas

Midgut:

  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
30
Q

What is a portal system?

A

Transports venous blood to the liver for processing

31
Q

From which 2 vessels is the portal vein made up from?

A

1) Splenic Vein
2) Superior mesenteric vein

32
Q

Where else in the body are portocaval anastamosis found?

A

1) Distal oesophagus
2) Rectum
3) Retroperitoneum
4) Paraumbilical

33
Q

What is the clinical significance of such portocaval anastamoses?

A

In portal hypertension, varices can form and if they rupture in the rectum or oesophagus can result in fatal blood loss

34
Q

What happens to GI secretion during sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?

A

Sympathetic - decreased GI secretion

Parasympathetic - increased GI secretion

35
Q

What happens to GI motility and peristalsis during sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?

A

Sympathetic - Motility and peristalsis decrease

Parasympathetic - Motility and peristalsis increase

36
Q

What happens to the blood vessels supplying the gut tube during sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?

A

Sympathetic - vasocontriction

Parasympathetic - Nothing

37
Q

What is the functional difference between the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves and the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve - Parasympathetic fibres

Greater, lesser, least splanchnic nerves - Sympathetic nerves

38
Q

How does the arrangement of ganglia differ between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

Sympathetic - ganglion are far away from target organ

Parasympathetic - ganglion are close to target organ

39
Q

At what vertebral level do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

40
Q

Why is the right kidney lower than the left?

A

Presence of the liver on the R.H.S.

41
Q

What are the 3 structures entering the hilum of the kidney?

A

1) Renal vein
2) Renal artery
3) Pelvis of ureter

42
Q

How are the kidney hilum structures arranged from anterior to posterior?

A

Anterior - Renal Vein

Middle - Renal Artery

Posterior - Pelis of Ureter

VAP

43
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Retroperitonised

44
Q

How are suprarenal glands peritonised and what is their anatomical relaitonship to the kidneys?

A

Retroperitoneal

Superior and slightly medial to the Kidneys

45
Q

What is the upper expanded area of the ureter called?

A

Pelvis of Ureter

46
Q

What are the 3 sites where the ureters constrict on its way from the kidney to the bladder?

A

1) Pelvicoureteric Junction (PUJ)
2) When the ureters cross over the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
3) Vesicoureteric Junction (VUJ)

Anatomy (26 decks)

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