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Anatomy > Bony Skull, Scalp, Face & Radiology, Neck muscles and Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Bony Skull, Scalp, Face & Radiology, Neck muscles and Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of joint seen between bones in the skull?

A

Fibrous

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2
Q

Which part of the skull contains red marrow?

A

Diploe

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3
Q

Between which 2 bones does the sagittal suture lie?

A

Between both parietal bones

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4
Q

Between which 2 bones does the coronal suture lie?

A

Frontal & parietal

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5
Q

Between which two bones does the lamboid suture lie?

A

Occipital & parietal

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6
Q

The mastoid process is part of which bone?

A

Temporal

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7
Q

The zygomatic arch is formed out of which 2 bones?

A

Temporal & zygomatic

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8
Q

The styloid process is part of which bone?

A

Temporal

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9
Q

What is the largest foramine of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Foramen Magnum?

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10
Q

Name 2 structures that pass through the foramen magnum:

A

Brain stem

Right & left vertebral arteries

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11
Q

What type of joint is the zygomatic arch formed from?

A

Fibrous

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12
Q

What makes up the layers of the scalp?

A

S - Skin

C - Connective tissue (dense)

A - Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle

L - Loose alveolar connective tissue

P - Periosteum

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13
Q

Which nerves innervate the anterior portion of the scalp?

A

All 3 branches of the Trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

What is the nerve supply for the posterior portion of the scalp?

A

Spinal nerves C2/3

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15
Q

What structure forms the ventral rami of C5-T1

A

Brachial plexus, supplying the chest, shoulder, arms and hands

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16
Q

A rash developing over the forehead and upper eyelid would indicate a dermatome innervated by which nerve?

A

Opthalmic branch (V1) of Trigeminal nerve

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17
Q

In which layer of the scalp are blood vessels located?

A

Connective tissue (dense)

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18
Q

Would a lacertaing wound to the scalp cause profuse or light bleeding? Why?

A

Profuse - the dense connective tissue gets retracted and is unable to vasoconstrict, leading to profuse bleeding

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19
Q

Which arteries of the scalp are branches of the ICA and ECA?

A

Occipital artery - ECA

Posterior auricular artery - ECA

Superficial temporal artery - ECA

Supratrochlear artery - ICA

Supra-orbital artery - ICA

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20
Q

What is diploe?

A

A spongy cancellous bone seperating inner and outer layers of the cortical bone of the skull

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21
Q

Where do the muscle of facial expression attach?

A

Directly to the skin

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22
Q

From which foramen does the Facial nerve emerge onto the side of the face?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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23
Q

Which 2 bony processes for the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Styloid process

Mastoid process

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24
Q

Through which gland does the facial nerve pass?

A

The parotid gland

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25
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual

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26
Q

What type of gland is the parotid gland?

A

Exocrine

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27
Q

How do exocrine differ to endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine - secretes onto epithelial surface via a duct

Endocrine - secretes directly into bloodstream

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28
Q

Whic nerve branches emerge from the anterior border of the parotid gland?

A

Buccal branches

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29
Q

Which muscle does the parotid duct pierce on its way to the oral cavity?

A

Buccinator

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30
Q

Opposite from which upper tooth does the parotid duct open?

A

2nd upper molar tooth

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31
Q

Which structures pass through the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve

Posterior auricular artery

Retromandibular vein

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic innervation

33
Q

Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic fibres destined for the parotid gland?

A

Mandibular branch (V3) of the Trigeminal nerve

34
Q

Where does the sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland originate from?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

35
Q

What are the facial artery and superficial temporal artery branches of?

A

External carotid artery

36
Q

What bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face?

A

Mandible

37
Q

What facial muscle lies immediately posterior to the facial artery as it enters onto the face?

A

Masseter

38
Q

Which gland does the facial artery groove against before it enters the face?

A

Parotid

39
Q

Where does the facial artery end?

A

Medial corner of the eye

40
Q

Which major vein do the facial and superficial temporal veins drain into?

A

IJV

41
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

1) Vertebral compartment (cervical vertebrae)
2) Vascular compartment (Vagus nerve)
3) Visceral compartment (Thyroid gland)
4) Musculofascial collar

42
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

43
Q

What kidn of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1 (Atlas)?

A

Condyloid type of synovial joint

44
Q

What type of joint is present between C1/C2 the Odontoid peg?

A

Pivot type of synovial joint

45
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?

A

Vertebral artery + vein and sympathetic nerves

46
Q

What is the vertebra prominens?

A

C7

47
Q

What is the special features of the cervical vertebrae spines?

A

Bifid and short

48
Q

What is the curvature called that exists in the cervical portion of the spinal column?

A

Lordotic curve

49
Q

What are the borders and contents of the anterior triangle?

A

Superior - Lower border of the mandible

Medially - Imaginary sagittal line

Laterally - Medial border of SCM

Contents - CCA, IJV, Facial & Vagus nerve

50
Q

What are the borders and contents of the posterior neck triangle?

A

Medially - Posterior border of SCM

Laterally - Anterior border of Trapezius

Inferiorly - Middle 1/3 of clavicle

Contents - EJV, Omohyoid, subclavian artery

51
Q

What are the distal and proximal attachments of the SCM muscle?

A

Distal - Mastoid process

Proximal - Clavicle + sternum,

52
Q

If the left SCM contracted, to which side would the face turn and the head tilt?

A

Face turn - Right

Head tilt - Left

53
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius?

A

Rotates scapula

54
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the scapula and in which triangle of the neck can it be found?

A

The accessory nerve - posterior triangle

55
Q

What 4 triangle make up the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

1) Submental
2) Submandibular
3) Carotid
4) Muscular

56
Q

What are the contents of each of the 4 triangles of the anterior neck triangle?

A

Submental - Lymph nodes

Submandibular - Facial artery and submandibular salivary gland

Carotid - Neurovascular sheath (CCA, IJV, Hypoglossal + Vagus)

Muscular - Infrahyoid muscle

57
Q

Which artery is the CCA a branch of on the right and left hand side?

A

Right side - Brachiocephalic artery

Left side - Aorta

58
Q

At what vertebral level does the CCA bifurcate into ECA and ICA?

A

C4 - Thyroid cartilage

59
Q

Does the ECA or ICA give off branches in the neck?

A

ECA

60
Q

Is the ICA or ECA more lateral?

A

ICA

61
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the ECA and in which structure are they given off?

A

Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery

Both arise from the parotid gland

62
Q

Through which skull opening does the IJV pass?

A

Jugular foramen

63
Q

Which vein does the IJV join with and what is the name of the vein that is formed?

A

IJV joins with subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

64
Q

Which structures does the EJV drain?

A

Face and scalp

65
Q

In relation to the SCM, how does the EJV run? Superficial or deep?

A

Superficial to the SCM

66
Q

Which vein does the EJV drain into?

A

Subclavian

67
Q

Which muscles/set of muscles are attached to the hyoid bone?

A
  • Suprahyoid muscles
  • Infrahyoid muscles
  • Hypoglossus + genioglossus
  • Middle pharyngeal constrictor
68
Q

What are the muscles of the suprahyoid group and what is their nerve supply?

A

Mylohyoid - Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve

Geniohyoid - C1 nerve roots

Digastric:

Anterior belly - Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve

Posterior belly - Facial nerve

Stylohyoid - Facial nerve

69
Q

What are the actions of these muscles?

A

Pulls Hyoid Bone upwards:

Stylohyoid

Mylohyoid

Digastric

Lowers Mandible:

Digastric

70
Q

What muscles make up the infrahyoid group and what is their innervation?

A

Sternothyroid - C1-C3

Sternohyoid - C1-C3

Thyrhyoid - Anterior ramus of C1

Omohyoid - C1-C3

71
Q

What actions would these muscles have on the hyoid bone?

A

Sternothryoid - Depresses thyroid cartialge

Sternohyoid - Depresses hyoid bone

Omohyoid - Depresses hyoid bone

Thyrohyoid - Depresses the hyoid bone

72
Q

What are the vertebral root values of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

73
Q

From between which 2 muscles does the cervical plexus emerge?

A

SCM and Trapezius

74
Q

What is a motor nerve that emerges from this plexus and travels down into the thorax?

A

Phrenic nerve

75
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Thyroid gland?

A

Isthmus and 2 lobes

76
Q

At what vertebral level does the isthmus lie in relation to the trachea/larynx?

A

Lies in front of the cricoid cartilage and covers the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

C6-7

77
Q

In which compartment of the neck does the Thyroid gland reside?

A

The visceral compartment

78
Q
A

Anatomy (26 decks)

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