Special Senses Flashcards
What structures pass through the optic foramen?
Optic nerve
Opthalmic artery
What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
Occulomotor nerve
Opthalmic branch of Trigeminal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducens nerve
Opthalmic veins
What structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?
Maxillary branch of Mandibular nerve
What parts of the eye make up the fibrous layer?
Sclera
Cornea
What aprts of the eye make up the middle vascular layer?
Ciliary body
Choroid
Iris
What are the structures that make up the inner sensory layer of the eye?
Neural layer
Pigmented layer
What is the fluid called in the anterior segment of the eye?
Aqueous Humour
What is the fluid called in posterior segment of the eye?
Viterous humour
What part of the eye produces aqueous humour?
Ciliary body
What are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?
Ciliaris
Pupillae constrictor
Pupillae dilator
What are the actions of each of the intrinsic muscles of the eye?
Ciliaris - accomodation
Pupillae constrictor - constricts pupil
Pupillae dilator - dilates pupil
What is the innervation of each of the intrinsic muscles of the eye?
Ciliaris - parasympathetic from occulomotor
Pupillae constrictor - parasympathetic from occulomotor
Pupillae dilator - sympathetic
What does the extrinsic muscles of the eye do to the eyeball?
Medial rectus - adducts
Lateral rectus - abducts
Superior rectus - elevates
Inferior rectus - depresses
Superior oblique - intort
Inferior oblique - extort
What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?
It elevates the upper eyelid
What is the only muscle that does not originate from the posterior aspect of the orbit?
Inferior oblique
What is the artery that supplies the eyeball?
Opthalmic artery
What is the opthalmic artery a branch of?
ICA
Which foramina do the opthalmic veins pass through on their way to the cavernous sinus?
Superior orbital fissure
Which nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
Opthalmic branch of Trigeminal
Within which bone do the middle and inner ears lie?
Petrous part of Temporal bone
What type of fluid lies inside the bony labyrinth?
Perilymph
What type of fluid lies inside the mebranous labyrinth?
Endolymph
What is the function of the semicircular canals?
Balance
What is the function of the cochlea?
Hearing
Through which foramen of the posterior cranial fossa does the facial nerve pass?
Internal acoustic meatus
Which nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
Vestibulocochlear & Facial
What does the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve innervate?
Parasympathetic fibres - submandibular and sublingual glands
Special sensory - taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
Which lymph nodes drain the middle ear and lateral parts of the eyelid?
Parotid nodes
Which group of lymph nodes drain the cheek region?
Buccal nodes
Which group of lymph nodes drain anterior tip of tongue, central floor of mouth and chin?
Submental nodes
Which group of lymph nodes drain the front of scalp, nose, lips, sinuses (except sphenoid), anterior tongue?
Submandibular nodes
Which group of lymph nodes drain the central area of the scalp and external auditory meatus?
Mastoid nodes
Which group of lymph nodes drain the back of the scalp?
Occipital nodes
What 4 bones form the Pterion?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid (greater wing)
A collection of blood between the periosteum and the dura matter results in what type of pathology? What type of appearance does this pathology have when seen on CT?
Extradural Hameorrhage
Convex (lens) shaped
What is the name of the grooves that run laterally either side of the occipital protrubaranece?
Tranverse sinus
In which bone of the skull is the sella turcica found?
Sphenoid
What do the anterior and posterior clinoid processes provide attachments for?
Tentorium cerebelli
What is the groove found in the midline of the skull cap called?
Superior sagittal sinus
What muscles attach to the lateral pterygoid plate?
Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
What muscle attaches to the medial pterygoid plate?
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
What type of ossification occurs in the flat bones of the skull?
Intramembraneous
What type of ossification occurs in the irregular bones of the skull base?
Endochondrial
What type of epithelium covers the tongue?
Keratinised stratified squamous
What type of muscle fibres lie beneath the epithelium of the tongue?
Skeletal
What type of secretion is poduced by the parotid gland?
Serous
What type of secretions are produced by the submandibular glands?
Mixed - mucous and serous
What type of secretions are produced by the sublingual glands?
Mucous
