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Anatomy > External Features of Brain, Transverse sections of Brain, Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

External Features of Brain, Transverse sections of Brain, Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

Sex drive

Thirst

Hunger

Sleep cycles

Works with pituitary to release hormones

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2
Q

What structures make up the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate Nucleus

Globus Pallidus

Putamen

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3
Q

What are the fibres called that connect the cerebral hemispheres with other parts of the brain (e.g. brainstem)?

A

Projection fibres

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4
Q

Which cereral artery supplies the internal capsule?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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5
Q

Functionally, what group of structures is the substantia nigra part of?

A

Basal ganglia

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6
Q

In relation to the substantia nigra, where can the red nucleus be found?

A

Posterior

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7
Q

What type of fibres are found within the cerebral peduncles?

A

Motor and sensory

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8
Q

What type of fibres make up the pyramids?

A

Motor

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9
Q

What nuclei are found within the olives?

A

Superior + inferior olivary nucleus

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10
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Short + bifid spinous processes

Two foramen transversarium (transmit vertebral arteries)

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11
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the Thoracic vertebrae?

A

Spinous processes are angled inferiorly

Vertebral formen is circular

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12
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Very large vertebral bodies with kidney shape

No transverse foramina

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13
Q

How does the volume of grey matter change moving from superior to inferior aspects of the spinal cord?

A

The amount of gray matter increases as you move inferiorly down the spinal cord

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14
Q

What is the name of the hole in the middle of the spinal cord and what does it contain?

A

Central canal - CSF

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15
Q

Through which foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass in the cranium?

A

Jugular foramen

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16
Q

Through which foramen does the vagus nerve pass?

A

Jugular foramen

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17
Q

Through which foramen does the accessory nerve pass?

A

Jugular foramen

18
Q

Through which foramen does the hypoglossal nerve pass?

A

Hypoglossal canal

19
Q

What type of fibres are present in the occulomotor nerve?

A

Motor and parasympathetic

20
Q

What type of nerves are present in the optic nerve?

A

Special sensory

21
Q

What type of nerves are present in occulomotor nerve?

A

Motor + parasympathetic

22
Q

What type of nerves are present in the trochlear nerve?

23
Q

What type of nerves are present in the abducens nerve?

24
Q

What type of fibres are present in V1 of Trigeminal?

25
Q

What type of fibres are present in V2 of Trigeminal nerve?

26
Q

What type of nerve fibres are present in V3 of Trigeminal nerve?

A

Motor + sensory

Parasympathetic (submandibular + sublingual glands)

27
Q

What type of fibres are present in the Facial nerve?

A

Motor (facial expression muscles)

Special sensory

General sensory (small area of outer ear)

Parasympathetic (Lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual gland)

28
Q

What type of fibres are present in the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Special sensory

29
Q

What type of fibres are present in the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Special sensory

General sensory

Motor (stylopharyngeus)

Parasympathetic (parotid gland)

30
Q

What type of fibres are found in the Vagus nerve?

A

Motor (most of muscles of pharynx)

Parasympathetic (smooth muscles of GI tract)

Sensory - external acoustic meatus

Special sensory - Taste to epiglottis

31
Q

What type of fibres are found within the accessory nerve?

A

Motor - SCM + Trapezius

32
Q

What type of fibres are found within the hypoglossal nerve?

33
Q

Which of the cranial nerves have parasympathetic innervation?

A

Occulomotor

Facial

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

34
Q

Which cranial nerves are attached directly to the brain?

A

Olfactory

Optic

35
Q

Which cranial nerves are attached directly to the midbrain?

A

3 - occulomotor

36
Q

What is the only cranial nerve to arise from the posterior aspect of the brain stem?

37
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the pons?

A

5 - Trigeminal

38
Q

Which cranial nerve arises from the pontomedullary junction?

A

Abducens

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

39
Q

Which cranial nerves arise from the medulla?

A

9

10

11

12

40
Q

Which cranial nerves are tested by the pupillary light reflex?

A

Optic

Occulomotor

41
Q

Which cranial nerve is tested by touching over the cheek?

A

Maxillary branch of Trigeminal

42
Q

Which cranial nerve is being tested if you ask the patient to stick their tongue out?

A

Hypoglossal

Anatomy (26 decks)

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