Perineum

Question 1

The perineum is divided into two triangular areas, with the base of each triangle being a line joining which 2 bony prominences of the pelvis?

Answer 1

Ischial tuberosities

Question 2

What is the name of the triangle that lies inferior to the pubic symphysis?

Answer 2

Urogenital triangle

Question 3

Which triangle lies anteroinferior to the coccyx?

Answer 3

Anal triangle

Question 4

What name is given to the fascia that stretches between the right and left sides of the pubic arch, below the pubic symphysis?

Answer 4

Perineal fascia

Question 5

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the perineum?`

Answer 5

Pudendal nerve

Question 6

What is the perineal body?

Answer 6

Pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the mid-line of perineum

Question 7

What is the clinical significance of the perineal body?

Answer 7

It maintains integrity of the pelvic floor

Rupture of perineal body can lead to widening of gap between levator ani muscles predisposing woman to prolapse of uterus, rectum or bladder

It is also the final support of the pelvic viscera

Question 8

Which muscles converge towards the perineal body?

Answer 8

1 - External anal sphincter

2 - Bulbospongiosus

3 - Superficial Transverse perineal

4 - Anterior fibres of Levator Ani

Question 9

What can happen in elderly men if their prostate becomes enlarged?

Answer 9

Urinary retention

Question 10

What is the content of the ischio-anal fossae and what can often occur within this area?

Answer 10

Fat & connective tissue

Abscess formation

Question 11

What neurovascular bundle enters the ischio-anal fossae through the lesser sciatic foramen and what structures are present in this bundle and what do they supply?

Answer 11

Pudendal nerve - skin of external genitalia, muscles of pelvis, external anal sphincter and external urethral sphincter

Internal pudendal artery - supplies blood to the perineum

Internal pudendal vein - drains reproductive organs and part of rectum