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Anatomy > Upper Limb 3 - Anterior Forearm, Neurovascular, Carpal Tunnel, Hand + Wrist > Flashcards

Upper Limb 3 - Anterior Forearm, Neurovascular, Carpal Tunnel, Hand + Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What action do the muscles of the anterior forearm perform?

A

Flexion of the wrist and fingers

Pronator of the Forearm

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2
Q

What are the 3 different groups of the anterior forearm known as?

A

1 - Superficial

2- Intermediate

3 - Deep

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3
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the superficial group of muscles in the anterior forearm?

A

1 - Pronator Teres

2 - Flexor Carpi Radialis

3 - Palmaris Longus

4 - Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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4
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronation of forearm

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5
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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6
Q

Which muscle of the superficial anterior forearm compartment performs adduction at the wrist joint?

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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7
Q

Which muscle of the superficial group of muscles is responsible for abduction at the wrist joint?

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis

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8
Q

Which nerves innervate the muscles of the superficial group of muscles in the anterior forearm?

A

Median nerve - Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus

Ulnar nerve - Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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9
Q

On which joint does the brachioradialis muscle act?

A

Elbow

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10
Q

What is the main action of brachioradialis?

A

Flexion of the elbow

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Radial nerve

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12
Q

What is the only muscle of the posterior compartment which performs flexion?

A

Brachioradialis

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13
Q

To which digits are the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis attached?

A

All fingers except the thumb

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14
Q

Onto which phalynx of the fingers do the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis attach?

A

Middle

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15
Q

What actions do the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles perform?

A

Flex the wrist, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

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16
Q

On which joint of the fingers do the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles not act?

A

Distal interphalangeal joints

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17
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?

A

Median nerve

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18
Q

Which muscles make up the deep group of muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Pronator Quadratus

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19
Q

What joints does the flexor digitorum profundus muscle act on?

A

Wrist and all finger joints

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20
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum profundus on the wrist and fingers?

A

Flexion

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21
Q

Which part of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

Medial half

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22
Q

Which part of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is supplied by the median nerve?

A

Lateral half

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23
Q

Which nerve innervates flexor pollicis longus?

A

Median nerve

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24
Q

What is the action and innervation of pronator quadratus?

A

Pronates forearm - Median nerve

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25
Q

Where does the median nerve lie in relation to the brachial artery within the cubital fossa?

A

The median nerve lies medial to the brachial artery

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26
Q

Which muscles does the median nerve not supply in the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor carpi Ulnaris

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Medial half

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27
Q

How does the median nerve enter the hand?

A

It passes below the flexor retinaculum

28
Q

What is the relationship of the ulnar nerve in relation to the ulnar artery?

29
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the brachial artery?

A

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

30
Q

Which arterial pulse can be felt medial to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

Radial pulse

31
Q

What are the contents of the flexor retinaculum?

A

Median Nerve

4 Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

4 Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

1 Tendon of Flexor Pollicis Longus

32
Q

Which structure of the carpal tunnel is most commonly affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

33
Q

What are the different muscle compartments of the hand?

A

Thenar compartment

Hypothenar compartment

Adductor compartment

Lumbricals and long flexor tendons - central compartment

Interosseous compartment

34
Q

What are the muscles that make up the Thenar muscle group?

A

Opponens Pollicis

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

35
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the Thenar muscle group?

A

Median nerve

36
Q

Which segmental levels make up the Median nerve?

A

C6, C7, C8, T1

37
Q

What muscles make up the Hypothenar group of muscles?

A

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Abductor Digiti Minimi

38
Q

Which nerve innervates the Hypothenar muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

39
Q

Which nerve innervates the Adductor Pollicis?

A

Ulnar nerve

40
Q

From the tendons of which muscles do the lumbricals originate?

A

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

41
Q

What action do the lumbricals have on the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints?

42
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial two lumbricals?

A

Ulnar nerve

43
Q

Which nerve innervates the two lateral lumbricals?

44
Q

How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?

45
Q

How many palmar interossei muscles are there?

46
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei muscles?

A

Abduct the fingers

47
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossie muscles?

A

Adduct the fingers

48
Q

What nerve innervates the dorsal and palmar interossei muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

49
Q

Lesions of which nerve trunk affects the short muscles (interossie and lumbricals) of the hand? What is the resulting paralysis called?

A

Lower Trunk - Klumpke Paralysis

50
Q

Which artery contributes the most to the superficial palmar arch?

A

Radial artery

51
Q

Which artery contributes the most to the deep palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

52
Q

What are the main nerves which supply the hand?

A

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

53
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate within the hand?

A

Skin on the dorsal aspect of the hand

54
Q

Through which structure does the median nerve enter the hand?

A

Carpal Tunnel

55
Q

Which structures does the ulnar nerve not innervate?

A

Thenar Muscles

Lumbricals of the 1st and 2nd finger

56
Q

Which segmental nerve values make up the median and ulnar nerves?

A

Median nerve - C6, C7, C8, T1

Ulnar nerve - C8 and T1

57
Q

Which cord of the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve originate from?

A

Medial cord

58
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

A

Synovial Condyloid

59
Q

What structures form the proximal part of the wrist joint?

A

Distal end of Radius

Articular disc

60
Q

Which carpal bones form the distal articular part of the wrist joint?

A

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrium

61
Q

What movements can be performed at the wrist joint?

A

Flexion

Extension

Adduction

Abduction

62
Q

What function do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm have on the wrist joint?

63
Q

What is the combined action of flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris on the wrist joint?

A

Flexors

Medial deviation

64
Q

Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Abductor pollicus longus

65
Q

What is the action of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm on the wrist?

Anatomy (26 decks)

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