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Anatomy > Brainstem, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Cerebral Hemispheres & Spinal cord > Flashcards

Brainstem, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Cerebral Hemispheres & Spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

In which cranial cavity can the brain stem be found?

A

Posterior

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2
Q

Which two emryological vesicles give rise to the brain stem?

A

Rhombencephalon

Mesencephalon

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3
Q

What ventricles lie within the brainstem?

A

4th

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve(s) emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

A

Abducens

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

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5
Q

What are the pyramids and what is their function?

A

Paired swellings found between the anterior median fissure and the venterolateral sulcus

Function - Carry fibres responsible for voluntary control of the musculature of the body and face

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6
Q

What are the decussation of pyramids?

A

This is where the descending motor fibres cross over to their opposite side from which they originated from the cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

What are the olives and what is their function?

A

Involved in cerebellar motor learning and function

2 oval swellings located laterally to the pyramids

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8
Q

What structure does the ‘open’ part of the medulla open on to?

A

4th ventricle

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9
Q

Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord?

A

Foramen magnum

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10
Q

What is the middle cerebal peduncle made up of?

A

Nerve fibres

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11
Q

What cranial nerve leaves the brainstem beside the middle cerebelar peduncle of the pons?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

What part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain?

A

Forebrain

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13
Q

What are the cerebral peduncles and where are they destined for?

A

Structures which lie on the front of the midbrain and contain motor and sensory fibres that travel down to the pons

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14
Q

What structures make up the Diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Between which 2 parts of the brain do the thalamus and hypothalamus lie?

A

Telencephalon

Mesencephalon

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16
Q

What is the name given to the midline structure that connects the 2 cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

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17
Q

To which part of the brain is cerebellum connected to by peduncles?

A

Pons

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18
Q

Which ventricular space lies anterior to the cerebellum?

A

4th

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19
Q

In which cranial cavity is the cerebellum located?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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20
Q

What is the name of the long fissure that seperates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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21
Q

What type of nerve fibres pass through the corpus callosum?

A

Commisural

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22
Q

Which lobe contains the primary motor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

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23
Q

Which lobe contains the primary sensory area?

A

Parietal lobe

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24
Q

Which lobe contains the primary visual cortex?

A

Occipital

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25
Which lobe contains the primary auditory cortex?
Temporal
26
What is the 1st structure that would be passed through when gaining access to the vertebral canal, e.g. LP?
Dura mater
27
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate in adults and in new borns?
L1/2 New brons - S3
28
At what vertebral do the dura and arachnoid mater terminate?
Dura - S2 Arachnoid - S2
29
What is the termination of the spinal cord called?
Conus medullaris
30
Where does the pia mater terminate?
Coccyx
31
At what vertebral level is a lumbar puncture performed?
L3/4 Spinal cord ends at L1/2 Cauda equinas below L2 so safe to insert needle here
32
In what position is the patient during a lumbar puncture?
Foetal position
33
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in total?
31
34
Is cauda equina syndrome UMN or LMN?
LMN
35
Fromw which arteries do the L+R vertebral arteries arise
R+L subclavian arteries
36
From which arteries do the R+L ICA's arise?
R+L CCA's
37
How is the basillar artery formed and with which area of the brainstem is it most closely related?
Formed from the joining of the 2 vertebral arteries Closely associated with the Pons
38
Which arteries complete the posterior Circle of Willis by connecting the ICA's with the Posterior Cerebral arteries?
The posterior communicating arteries
39
What structure completes the anterior portion of the circle of willis by connecting the anterior cerebral arteries?
Anterior communicating
40
What is the arterial blood supply to primary motor cortex area of the brain?
Middle cerebral artery
41
What is the arterial supply to the primary sensory cortex of the brain?
Middle cerebral artery
42
What is the arterial supply to the primary visual cortex?
Posterior cerebral artery
43
What is the arterial supply to the primary auditory area?
Middle cerebral area
44
What is the arterial supply to the area of olfaction?
Anterior cerebral artery
45
Which artery lies immediately below the occulomotor nerve?
Superior cerebral artery
46
Which artery lies superior to superior cerebellar artery?
Posterior cerebral artery
47
Which part of the CCA detects the pressure of blood flow to the head?
Carotid sinus (baroreceptors)
48
Which part of the CCA detects the volume of Oxygen within the blood travelling to the brain?
Carotid body (chemoreceptors)
49
Into which do the dural venous sinuses drain into?
IJV
50
Through which foramina does the IJV pass to leave the skull?
Jugular foramen
51
What veins drain into the cavernous sinus?
Opthalmic veins
52
What structures of the skull base in the cavernous sinus associated with?
The sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
53
Which arteries fuse together to form the anterior spinal artery?
Vertebral
54
Which artery are the posterior spinal arteries branches of?
Vertebral
55
What fluid can be found in the subarachnoid space?
CSF
56
What structures does the falx cerebri seperate?
The cerebral hemispheres
57
To what bony structures does the falx cerebri attach?
Crista galli Frontal & ethmoid sinuses
58
Which dural venous sinus runs along the top of the falx cerebri?
Superior sagittal sinus
59
Which dural venous sinus runs along the posterior margin of the falx cerebri?
Inferior sagittal sinus
60
Which structures does the tentorium cerebelli seperate?
cerebellum and occipital lobes
61
To what bony areas does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli attach?
anterior and posterior clinoid processes
62
Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium cerebelli?
Straight sinus
63
What is the dural fold that seperates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum?
Falx cerebelli
64
What is the fold of dura matter that surrounds the pituitary stalk?
Diaphragma Sellae
65
What is the most important artery supplying the dura matter and through which foramen does it enter the skull?
Middle meningeal artery - Jugular foramen
66
What embryological structures form the spaces of the ventricles?
Lumen of the neural tube
67
What are the components of the lateral ventricles and in which lobes of the brain are they found?
Anterior horns - frontal lobe Body Posterior horn - Occipital lobe Inferior horn - Temporal lobe
68
What structure connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?
Foramen of Monro
69
Where is the foramen of monro found?
Underside of the lateral ventricles
70
What part of the brain is the 3rd ventrical found within?
Between R + L Thalamus
71
In which part of the brain is the cerebral aqueduct found?
Midbrain
72
Where in the brain can the 4th ventricle be found?
Between the cerebellum and pons
73
What is the structure that produce CSF?
Choroid plexus (ependynal cells)
74
How does CSF pass from the 3rd ventricle into the 4th?
Via cerebral aqueduct
75
Where is CSF reabsorbed?
Arachnoid granulations
76
What makes the indentations found either side of the superior sagittal sinus?
Cerebral veins
77
What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
Sex drive Thirst Hunger Body temperature Sleep cycles
78

Anatomy (26 decks)

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