Endocrine System Anatomy Flashcards
In which hollow does the pituitary gland lie?
Sella turcica
What is the relation of the optic chiasm to the pituitary gland?
The optic chiasm sits superior to the pituitary gland
What optic nerve fibres decusate at the optic chiasm?
Nasal fibres
Which lobe of the pituitary gland is a true endocrine gland and manufactures numerous hormones?
Anterior pituitary lobe
What is the function of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Secretes oxytocin and vasopressin
On a histological slide, what colour would the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary stain?
Anterior pituitary - dark stain
Posterior pituitary - light stain
What classes of hormones are produced by the acidophils?
Somatotrophs
Mammotrophs
What hormones are produced by somatotrophs and where do they act?
GH - Muskuloskeletal system
What hormone is produced by mammotrophs and where does it act?
Prolactin - Breast
What classes of hormones are produced by basophil cells?
Corticotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Gonadotrophs
What hormones are produced by corticotrophs and where do they act?
ACTH - Adrenal cortex
MSH - Skin
What hormones are produced by Thyrotrophs and where do they act?
TSH - Thyroid gland
What hormones are produced by gonadotrophs and where do they act?
FSH - Gonads
LH - Testies/ovaries
What are the main secretory cells of the posterior pituitary?
Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary?
Via the capillaries of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
How does the posterior pituitary communicate with the hypothalamus?
Via axons that travel down through infundibulum
At what vertebral levels is the Thyroid gland located?
C5-T1
Between which cartilage rings does the Thyroid gland sit?
Thyroid cartilage
6th tracheal ring
What tracheal rings does the isthmus pass over?
2nd - 4th tracheal rings
What are the 3 strap muscles that overly the Thyroid gland?
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
What are the 2 nerves that supply the vocal cords and what is their location in relation to the Thyroid gland?
Superior laryngeal nerve - close to superior thyroid artery
Recurrent laryngeal nerve - runs between trachea and eosophagus
Which artery gives rise to the Superior Thyroid artery?
ECA
From which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise?
Subclavian artery
Into which veins do the superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins drain?
Superior - IJV
Middle - IJV
Inferior - Braciocephalic
