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Anatomy > Endocrine System Anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

In which hollow does the pituitary gland lie?

A

Sella turcica

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2
Q

What is the relation of the optic chiasm to the pituitary gland?

A

The optic chiasm sits superior to the pituitary gland

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3
Q

What optic nerve fibres decusate at the optic chiasm?

A

Nasal fibres

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4
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary gland is a true endocrine gland and manufactures numerous hormones?

A

Anterior pituitary lobe

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5
Q

What is the function of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Secretes oxytocin and vasopressin

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6
Q

On a histological slide, what colour would the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary stain?

A

Anterior pituitary - dark stain

Posterior pituitary - light stain

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7
Q

What classes of hormones are produced by the acidophils?

A

Somatotrophs

Mammotrophs

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8
Q

What hormones are produced by somatotrophs and where do they act?

A

GH - Muskuloskeletal system

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9
Q

What hormone is produced by mammotrophs and where does it act?

A

Prolactin - Breast

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10
Q

What classes of hormones are produced by basophil cells?

A

Corticotrophs

Thyrotrophs

Gonadotrophs

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11
Q

What hormones are produced by corticotrophs and where do they act?

A

ACTH - Adrenal cortex

MSH - Skin

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12
Q

What hormones are produced by Thyrotrophs and where do they act?

A

TSH - Thyroid gland

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13
Q

What hormones are produced by gonadotrophs and where do they act?

A

FSH - Gonads

LH - Testies/ovaries

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14
Q

What are the main secretory cells of the posterior pituitary?

A

Magnocellular neurosecretory cells

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15
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary?

A

Via the capillaries of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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16
Q

How does the posterior pituitary communicate with the hypothalamus?

A

Via axons that travel down through infundibulum

17
Q

At what vertebral levels is the Thyroid gland located?

A

C5-T1

18
Q

Between which cartilage rings does the Thyroid gland sit?

A

Thyroid cartilage

6th tracheal ring

19
Q

What tracheal rings does the isthmus pass over?

A

2nd - 4th tracheal rings

20
Q

What are the 3 strap muscles that overly the Thyroid gland?

A

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

21
Q

What are the 2 nerves that supply the vocal cords and what is their location in relation to the Thyroid gland?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve - close to superior thyroid artery

Recurrent laryngeal nerve - runs between trachea and eosophagus

22
Q

Which artery gives rise to the Superior Thyroid artery?

A

ECA

23
Q

From which artery does the inferior thyroid artery arise?

A

Subclavian artery

24
Q

Into which veins do the superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins drain?

A

Superior - IJV

Middle - IJV

Inferior - Braciocephalic

25
Q

Where does the lympathic fluid from the Thyroid drain to?

A

Deep cervical nodes

26
Q

What type of cells are found lining the folicle of the Thyroid?

A

Follicular cells

27
Q

What colour does colloid of the Thyroid stain?

A

Pink

28
Q

What do the C cells of the Thyroid secrete?

A

Calcitonin

29
Q

What hormones does the Thyroid gland secrete?

A

T3 + T4

30
Q

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid hormones and what is its functions?

A

Parathyroid Hormone - regulates Ca2+ levels

31
Q

What cells do PTH act on what is their action?

A

Osteoclasts - they release Ca2+ from bone marrow

Osteoblasts - inhibits activity

Renal tubules - Promotes phosphate excretion

32
Q

How are the suprarenal glands peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

33
Q

Into what vein does the right suprarenal vein drain?

A

IVC

34
Q

Into what vein does the left suprarenal vein drain?

A

Left renal vein

35
Q

What are the 3 main types of hormones secreted from each zone of the adrenal cortex?

A

Mineralocorticoids - Zona Glomerulosa (regulates Na+ & K+ levels)

Glucocorticoids - Zone Fasciculata (regulates blood glucose levels)

Sex hormones - Zona Reticularis

36
Q

How is the pancreas peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

37
Q

What type of cells are found in the Islets of Langerhans?

A

Beta cells

Alpha cells

Delta cells

Anatomy (26 decks)

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