Mandible, TMJ, Muscles of Mastication, Nose, Tongue, Pharynx, Larynx Flashcards
What type of joint is the TMJ?
Synovial
What are the 2 articulations that form the TMJ?
1) Mandibular fossa of the Temporal bone
2) Condylar process of Mandible
What movements occur at the TMJ?
1) Retraction
2) Elevation
3) Protrusion
4) Depression
5) Side-to-side
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid
On which joint do the muscles of mastication work?
TMJ
What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?
1) Temporal fossa
2) Coronoid process
What would happen to the mandible if the anterior muscles of the temporalis muscle were contracted?
The madible would be elevated (the anterior fibres of the temporalis muscle are vertically oriented)
What would happen to the mandible if the posterior temporalis muscle fibres were contracted?
The mandible would be retracted (these muscle fibres are oriented horizontally)
What are the bony attachments of the masseter muscle?
1) Ramus of Mandible
2) Maxillary process of Zygomatic bone
What is the action of the masseter?
Elevates the mandible
What are the attachments of the lateral pterygoid muscles?
Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Neck of the mandible
What are the attachments of the medial pterygoid muscles?
Medial edge of lateral pterygoid plate
Ramus of mandible close to angle of mandible
What are the actions of both pterygoid muscles?
They pull the mandible forward
Whats happens to the chin when both lateral and medial pterygoids contract on one side?
If the left hand side medial and lateral pterygoids contract, the chin will move to the right hand side
What happens when both medial pterygoid muscles contract?
The mouth closes
Do the muscles of mastication depress the mandible?
No - only the suprahyoid muscles do this
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
1) Mylohyoid
2) Diagstric (anterior + posterior bellies)
3) Stylohyoid
4) Geniohyoid
Which of the suprahyoid muscles depress the mandible?
Geniohyoid
Digastric
Which muscles elevate the mandible?
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid
Which muscles depress the mandible?
Geniohyoid
Digastric
Which muscles cause protrusion of the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid
Which muscles cause retraction of the mandible?
Temporalis
Which muscles cause the jaw to move side to side?
Lateral pterygoids
Through which foramen of the skull does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve pass?
Foramen Ovale
Through which foramen does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve pass when leaving the cranium?
Foramen rotundum
Through which foramen of the cranium does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve pass?
Superior orbital fissure
What are the functions of the nose?
Conducts air into the airways
Warms and humidifies air
Drains paransal air sinuses
Provides smell
Which bone do the nasal bones articulate with?
Frontal bone
With which bone do the nasal bones articulate with laterally?
Frontal process of the maxillary bone
Which bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?
Nasal bones
Ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)
Body of Sphenoid
What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine bones
Palatine process of maxillary bone
What 2 bones form the nasal septum?
Vomer
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
What structure lies anterior to the bony part of the nasal septum and forms the rest of the nasal septum?
Nasal cartilage
What attaches to the crista gali?
Fold of dura matter - Falx cerebri
What kind of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
Through which part of the ethmoid bone do the nasal fibres pass?
Cribriform plate of Ethmoid
What are the names of the protrusions found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavities?
Conchae/turbinates
What are the spaces in between the conchae called?
Meatus
What is the name of the space found superior to the superior conchae/turbinate?
Spheno-ethmoidal recess
From which major artery is the blood supply for the nose derived?
ICA (opthalmic artery
What are the functions of paranasal air sinuses?
Humidify air
Reduce weight of the skull
What structure drains into the spheno-ethmoid sinus?
Sphenoid sinus
What structure drains into the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal cells
What structures drain into the middle meatus?
Anterior ethmoid cells
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
What structures drain into the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
What branches of Trigeminal nerve innervate the frontal sinuses?
Opthalmic branch
Which branches of Trigeminal nerve innervate the sphenoid sinus?
Opthalmic branch
Which branch of Trigeminal nerve innervates the ethmoid sinus
Opthalmic branch
What branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the maxillary sinus?
Maxillary branch
What is the muscle that lies in the lateral wall of the oral cavity that is innervated by the facial nerve?
Buccinator
What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?
It is where the epithelium invaginated to form the Thyroid gland
What are the roughened projections found on the surface of the tongue?
Papillae
What structure joins the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
Frenulum of the tongue
The opening of which duct can be found on the floor of the mouth?
Submandibular duct
What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve
What is the special sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Chorda Tympani of Facial Nerve
What is the general sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the special sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Change the position of the tongue?
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Change the shape of the tongue
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and into which bones do they attach?
Genioglossus - Hyoid bone
Styloglossus - Styloid process
Hyoglossus - Mandible
Palatoglossus - Soft palate
What are the actions of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus - Protrusion to opposite side
Hyoglossus - Depresses tongue
Styloglossus - Elevates tongue
Palatoglossus - Elevate back of tongue
What is the only muscle of the tongue not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus (Vagus nerve)
What are the 3 paired salivary glands?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal
Which nerve innervates the submandibular gland?
Chorda Tympani branch of Facial Nerve
Which nerve innervates the sublingual glands?
Chorda Tympani branch of Facial nerve
What structure prevents food from entering the nasopharynx?
Palatopharyngeal sphincter
What structure prevents food from entering the larynx?
Epiglottis
What are the 3 muscular layers of the pharynx?
Outer circular
Inner longitudinal
Middle fibrous layer
What are the 3 muscles that make up the outer circular muscles of the pharynx?
Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor
What are the 3 muscles that form the inner longitudinal group of muscles of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingophryngeus
Palatopharyngeus
What is the innervation of the pharynx?
Pharyngeal plexus (Vagus + glossopharyngeal)
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal (gag reflex)
Which nerve provides motor innervation of the pharynx?
Vagus
What is the action of the constrictor muscles during swallowing?
Constrict the pharyngeal cavity to help push the bolus down into the oesophagus
What is the role of internal longitudinal muscles during swallowing?
Pulls the pharynx upwards
What type of tissue are the tonsils made up of?
Lymphoid tissue
Which prominence forms the Adams apple in males?
Thyroid cartilage
Which cartilage in the Larynx forms a complete circle?
Cricoid
How are the true and false vocal cords positioned with respect to each other?
False cords sits superior to true vocal cords
Which muscles open and close the true vocal cords?
Intrinsic muscles of the Larynx
What is the nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch of?
Vagus nerve
In what position will the vocal cords be whilst speaking?
Closed
What position will the focal cords be whilst breathing rapidly?
Fully open
