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Anatomy > Mandible, TMJ, Muscles of Mastication, Nose, Tongue, Pharynx, Larynx > Flashcards

Mandible, TMJ, Muscles of Mastication, Nose, Tongue, Pharynx, Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial

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2
Q

What are the 2 articulations that form the TMJ?

A

1) Mandibular fossa of the Temporal bone
2) Condylar process of Mandible

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3
Q

What movements occur at the TMJ?

A

1) Retraction
2) Elevation
3) Protrusion
4) Depression
5) Side-to-side

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4
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Lateral Pterygoid

Medial Pterygoid

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5
Q

On which joint do the muscles of mastication work?

A

TMJ

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6
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

A

1) Temporal fossa
2) Coronoid process

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7
Q

What would happen to the mandible if the anterior muscles of the temporalis muscle were contracted?

A

The madible would be elevated (the anterior fibres of the temporalis muscle are vertically oriented)

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8
Q

What would happen to the mandible if the posterior temporalis muscle fibres were contracted?

A

The mandible would be retracted (these muscle fibres are oriented horizontally)

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9
Q

What are the bony attachments of the masseter muscle?

A

1) Ramus of Mandible
2) Maxillary process of Zygomatic bone

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10
Q

What is the action of the masseter?

A

Elevates the mandible

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the lateral pterygoid muscles?

A

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Neck of the mandible

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the medial pterygoid muscles?

A

Medial edge of lateral pterygoid plate

Ramus of mandible close to angle of mandible

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13
Q

What are the actions of both pterygoid muscles?

A

They pull the mandible forward

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14
Q

Whats happens to the chin when both lateral and medial pterygoids contract on one side?

A

If the left hand side medial and lateral pterygoids contract, the chin will move to the right hand side

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15
Q

What happens when both medial pterygoid muscles contract?

A

The mouth closes

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16
Q

Do the muscles of mastication depress the mandible?

A

No - only the suprahyoid muscles do this

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17
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

1) Mylohyoid
2) Diagstric (anterior + posterior bellies)
3) Stylohyoid
4) Geniohyoid

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18
Q

Which of the suprahyoid muscles depress the mandible?

A

Geniohyoid

Digastric

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19
Q

Which muscles elevate the mandible?

A

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial Pterygoid

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20
Q

Which muscles depress the mandible?

A

Geniohyoid

Digastric

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21
Q

Which muscles cause protrusion of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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22
Q

Which muscles cause retraction of the mandible?

A

Temporalis

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23
Q

Which muscles cause the jaw to move side to side?

A

Lateral pterygoids

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24
Q

Through which foramen of the skull does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve pass?

A

Foramen Ovale

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25
Q

Through which foramen does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve pass when leaving the cranium?

A

Foramen rotundum

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26
Q

Through which foramen of the cranium does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve pass?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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27
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A

Conducts air into the airways

Warms and humidifies air

Drains paransal air sinuses

Provides smell

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28
Q

Which bone do the nasal bones articulate with?

A

Frontal bone

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29
Q

With which bone do the nasal bones articulate with laterally?

A

Frontal process of the maxillary bone

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30
Q

Which bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal bones

Ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)

Body of Sphenoid

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31
Q

What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Palatine bones

Palatine process of maxillary bone

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32
Q

What 2 bones form the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

perpendicular plate of ethmoid

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33
Q

What structure lies anterior to the bony part of the nasal septum and forms the rest of the nasal septum?

A

Nasal cartilage

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34
Q

What attaches to the crista gali?

A

Fold of dura matter - Falx cerebri

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35
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

36
Q

Through which part of the ethmoid bone do the nasal fibres pass?

A

Cribriform plate of Ethmoid

37
Q

What are the names of the protrusions found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavities?

A

Conchae/turbinates

38
Q

What are the spaces in between the conchae called?

A

Meatus

39
Q

What is the name of the space found superior to the superior conchae/turbinate?

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

40
Q

From which major artery is the blood supply for the nose derived?

A

ICA (opthalmic artery

41
Q

What are the functions of paranasal air sinuses?

A

Humidify air

Reduce weight of the skull

42
Q

What structure drains into the spheno-ethmoid sinus?

A

Sphenoid sinus

43
Q

What structure drains into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal cells

44
Q

What structures drain into the middle meatus?

A

Anterior ethmoid cells

Frontal sinus

Maxillary sinus

45
Q

What structures drain into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

46
Q

What branches of Trigeminal nerve innervate the frontal sinuses?

A

Opthalmic branch

47
Q

Which branches of Trigeminal nerve innervate the sphenoid sinus?

A

Opthalmic branch

48
Q

Which branch of Trigeminal nerve innervates the ethmoid sinus

A

Opthalmic branch

49
Q

What branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the maxillary sinus?

A

Maxillary branch

50
Q

What is the muscle that lies in the lateral wall of the oral cavity that is innervated by the facial nerve?

A

Buccinator

51
Q

What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?

A

It is where the epithelium invaginated to form the Thyroid gland

52
Q

What are the roughened projections found on the surface of the tongue?

A

Papillae

53
Q

What structure joins the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A

Frenulum of the tongue

54
Q

The opening of which duct can be found on the floor of the mouth?

A

Submandibular duct

55
Q

What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve

56
Q

What is the special sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda Tympani of Facial Nerve

57
Q

What is the general sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

58
Q

What is the special sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

59
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Change the position of the tongue?

60
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Change the shape of the tongue

61
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and into which bones do they attach?

A

Genioglossus - Hyoid bone

Styloglossus - Styloid process

Hyoglossus - Mandible

Palatoglossus - Soft palate

62
Q

What are the actions of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus - Protrusion to opposite side

Hyoglossus - Depresses tongue

Styloglossus - Elevates tongue

Palatoglossus - Elevate back of tongue

63
Q

What is the only muscle of the tongue not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Palatoglossus (Vagus nerve)

64
Q

What are the 3 paired salivary glands?

A

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual

65
Q

Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal

66
Q

Which nerve innervates the submandibular gland?

A

Chorda Tympani branch of Facial Nerve

67
Q

Which nerve innervates the sublingual glands?

A

Chorda Tympani branch of Facial nerve

68
Q

What structure prevents food from entering the nasopharynx?

A

Palatopharyngeal sphincter

69
Q

What structure prevents food from entering the larynx?

A

Epiglottis

70
Q

What are the 3 muscular layers of the pharynx?

A

Outer circular

Inner longitudinal

Middle fibrous layer

71
Q

What are the 3 muscles that make up the outer circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

Superior constrictor

Middle constrictor

Inferior constrictor

72
Q

What are the 3 muscles that form the inner longitudinal group of muscles of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus

Salpingophryngeus

Palatopharyngeus

73
Q

What is the innervation of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal plexus (Vagus + glossopharyngeal)

74
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal (gag reflex)

75
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation of the pharynx?

A

Vagus

76
Q

What is the action of the constrictor muscles during swallowing?

A

Constrict the pharyngeal cavity to help push the bolus down into the oesophagus

77
Q

What is the role of internal longitudinal muscles during swallowing?

A

Pulls the pharynx upwards

78
Q

What type of tissue are the tonsils made up of?

A

Lymphoid tissue

79
Q

Which prominence forms the Adams apple in males?

A

Thyroid cartilage

80
Q

Which cartilage in the Larynx forms a complete circle?

A

Cricoid

81
Q

How are the true and false vocal cords positioned with respect to each other?

A

False cords sits superior to true vocal cords

82
Q

Which muscles open and close the true vocal cords?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the Larynx

83
Q

What is the nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

84
Q

What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch of?

A

Vagus nerve

85
Q

In what position will the vocal cords be whilst speaking?

A

Closed

86
Q

What position will the focal cords be whilst breathing rapidly?

A

Fully open

87
Q
A

Anatomy (26 decks)

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