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Anatomy > Mandible, TMJ, Muscles of Mastication, Nose, Tongue, Pharynx, Larynx > Flashcards

Mandible, TMJ, Muscles of Mastication, Nose, Tongue, Pharynx, Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial

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2
Q

What are the 2 articulations that form the TMJ?

A

1) Mandibular fossa of the Temporal bone
2) Condylar process of Mandible

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3
Q

What movements occur at the TMJ?

A

1) Retraction
2) Elevation
3) Protrusion
4) Depression
5) Side-to-side

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4
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Lateral Pterygoid

Medial Pterygoid

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5
Q

On which joint do the muscles of mastication work?

A

TMJ

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6
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

A

1) Temporal fossa
2) Coronoid process

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7
Q

What would happen to the mandible if the anterior muscles of the temporalis muscle were contracted?

A

The madible would be elevated (the anterior fibres of the temporalis muscle are vertically oriented)

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8
Q

What would happen to the mandible if the posterior temporalis muscle fibres were contracted?

A

The mandible would be retracted (these muscle fibres are oriented horizontally)

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9
Q

What are the bony attachments of the masseter muscle?

A

1) Ramus of Mandible
2) Maxillary process of Zygomatic bone

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10
Q

What is the action of the masseter?

A

Elevates the mandible

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the lateral pterygoid muscles?

A

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Neck of the mandible

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the medial pterygoid muscles?

A

Medial edge of lateral pterygoid plate

Ramus of mandible close to angle of mandible

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13
Q

What are the actions of both pterygoid muscles?

A

They pull the mandible forward

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14
Q

Whats happens to the chin when both lateral and medial pterygoids contract on one side?

A

If the left hand side medial and lateral pterygoids contract, the chin will move to the right hand side

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15
Q

What happens when both medial pterygoid muscles contract?

A

The mouth closes

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16
Q

Do the muscles of mastication depress the mandible?

A

No - only the suprahyoid muscles do this

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17
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

1) Mylohyoid
2) Diagstric (anterior + posterior bellies)
3) Stylohyoid
4) Geniohyoid

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18
Q

Which of the suprahyoid muscles depress the mandible?

A

Geniohyoid

Digastric

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19
Q

Which muscles elevate the mandible?

A

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial Pterygoid

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20
Q

Which muscles depress the mandible?

A

Geniohyoid

Digastric

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21
Q

Which muscles cause protrusion of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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22
Q

Which muscles cause retraction of the mandible?

A

Temporalis

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23
Q

Which muscles cause the jaw to move side to side?

A

Lateral pterygoids

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24
Q

Through which foramen of the skull does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve pass?

A

Foramen Ovale

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25
Through which foramen does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve pass when leaving the cranium?
Foramen rotundum
26
Through which foramen of the cranium does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve pass?
Superior orbital fissure
27
What are the functions of the nose?
Conducts air into the airways Warms and humidifies air Drains paransal air sinuses Provides smell
28
Which bone do the nasal bones articulate with?
Frontal bone
29
With which bone do the nasal bones articulate with laterally?
Frontal process of the maxillary bone
30
Which bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?
Nasal bones Ethmoid bone (cribriform plate) Body of Sphenoid
31
What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine bones Palatine process of maxillary bone
32
What 2 bones form the nasal septum?
Vomer perpendicular plate of ethmoid
33
What structure lies anterior to the bony part of the nasal septum and forms the rest of the nasal septum?
Nasal cartilage
34
What attaches to the crista gali?
Fold of dura matter - Falx cerebri
35
What kind of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
36
Through which part of the ethmoid bone do the nasal fibres pass?
Cribriform plate of Ethmoid
37
What are the names of the protrusions found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavities?
Conchae/turbinates
38
What are the spaces in between the conchae called?
Meatus
39
What is the name of the space found superior to the superior conchae/turbinate?
Spheno-ethmoidal recess
40
From which major artery is the blood supply for the nose derived?
ICA (opthalmic artery
41
What are the functions of paranasal air sinuses?
Humidify air Reduce weight of the skull
42
What structure drains into the spheno-ethmoid sinus?
Sphenoid sinus
43
What structure drains into the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal cells
44
What structures drain into the middle meatus?
Anterior ethmoid cells Frontal sinus Maxillary sinus
45
What structures drain into the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
46
What branches of Trigeminal nerve innervate the frontal sinuses?
Opthalmic branch
47
Which branches of Trigeminal nerve innervate the sphenoid sinus?
Opthalmic branch
48
Which branch of Trigeminal nerve innervates the ethmoid sinus
Opthalmic branch
49
What branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the maxillary sinus?
Maxillary branch
50
What is the muscle that lies in the lateral wall of the oral cavity that is innervated by the facial nerve?
Buccinator
51
What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?
It is where the epithelium invaginated to form the Thyroid gland
52
What are the roughened projections found on the surface of the tongue?
Papillae
53
What structure joins the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
Frenulum of the tongue
54
The opening of which duct can be found on the floor of the mouth?
Submandibular duct
55
What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve
56
What is the special sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Chorda Tympani of Facial Nerve
57
What is the general sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
58
What is the special sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
59
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Change the position of the tongue?
60
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Change the shape of the tongue
61
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and into which bones do they attach?
Genioglossus - Hyoid bone Styloglossus - Styloid process Hyoglossus - Mandible Palatoglossus - Soft palate
62
What are the actions of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus - Protrusion to opposite side Hyoglossus - Depresses tongue Styloglossus - Elevates tongue Palatoglossus - Elevate back of tongue
63
What is the only muscle of the tongue not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus (Vagus nerve)
64
What are the 3 paired salivary glands?
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
65
Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal
66
Which nerve innervates the submandibular gland?
Chorda Tympani branch of Facial Nerve
67
Which nerve innervates the sublingual glands?
Chorda Tympani branch of Facial nerve
68
What structure prevents food from entering the nasopharynx?
Palatopharyngeal sphincter
69
What structure prevents food from entering the larynx?
Epiglottis
70
What are the 3 muscular layers of the pharynx?
Outer circular Inner longitudinal Middle fibrous layer
71
What are the 3 muscles that make up the outer circular muscles of the pharynx?
Superior constrictor Middle constrictor Inferior constrictor
72
What are the 3 muscles that form the inner longitudinal group of muscles of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus Salpingophryngeus Palatopharyngeus
73
What is the innervation of the pharynx?
Pharyngeal plexus (Vagus + glossopharyngeal)
74
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal (gag reflex)
75
Which nerve provides motor innervation of the pharynx?
Vagus
76
What is the action of the constrictor muscles during swallowing?
Constrict the pharyngeal cavity to help push the bolus down into the oesophagus
77
What is the role of internal longitudinal muscles during swallowing?
Pulls the pharynx upwards
78
What type of tissue are the tonsils made up of?
Lymphoid tissue
79
Which prominence forms the Adams apple in males?
Thyroid cartilage
80
Which cartilage in the Larynx forms a complete circle?
Cricoid
81
How are the true and false vocal cords positioned with respect to each other?
False cords sits superior to true vocal cords
82
Which muscles open and close the true vocal cords?
Intrinsic muscles of the Larynx
83
What is the nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
84
What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve a branch of?
Vagus nerve
85
In what position will the vocal cords be whilst speaking?
Closed
86
What position will the focal cords be whilst breathing rapidly?
Fully open
87

Anatomy (26 decks)

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