Urinary Symptoms and Diseases

Question 1

anuria

Answer 1

complete suppression of urine by the kidneys

Question 2

dribbling

Answer 2

uncontrollable passage of drops of urine, particularly right after voiding

Question 3

dysuria

Answer 3

painful or difficult urination

Question 4

edema

Answer 4

presence of abnormally large quantities of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces, often due to abnormal renal function

Question 5

enuresis

Answer 5

involuntary urination past the appropriate age, commonly used to denote bedwetting

Question 6

hematuria

Answer 6

blood in urine. can be gross or microscopic

Question 7

incontinence

Answer 7

inability to control excretory functions. can be secondary to couching, sneezing, laughing, or straining.

Question 8

ischuria

Answer 8

suppression or retention of urine, voluntary in involuntary

Question 9

nocturia

Answer 9

voiding during the night

Question 10

oliguria

Answer 10

excretion of a diminished amount of urine relative to the fluid intake

Question 11

pneumaturia

Answer 11

passage of gas in the urine. rare and generally indicates a fistula between the urinary tract and bowel

Question 12

pollakiuria

Answer 12

increased frequency of urination without an increase in total volume

Question 13

ployuria

Answer 13

increase in total volume of urine excreted in a 24-hour period

Question 14

tenesmus

Answer 14

straining, especially ineffectual and painful

Question 15

azotemia

Answer 15

excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds of the blood

Question 16

calculi

Answer 16

most commonly renal calculi (kidney stones) Caused by salts forming in overly alkaline urine

Question 17

cystitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 18

diabetes mellitus

Answer 18

An endocrine metabolic disorder resulting from an inadequate utilization of insulin. One of the most common early symptoms is excessive urination, and it can be detected by glycosuria—glucose in the urine.

Question 19

diabetic nephropathy

Answer 19

literally “disease of the kidneys” that accompanies diabetes mellitus and leads to renal failure

Question 20

exstrophy of the bladder

Answer 20

congenital deformity resulting from failure of the pelvic structures to fuse so that the bladder opens on the surface of the lower abdomen

Question 21

Fanconi syndrome

Answer 21

failure of the renal tubules to absorb amino acids, glucose, and phosphorus. Osteomalacia and skeletal malformations can result

Question 22

floating kidney

Answer 22

that has become loosely attached to its bed of fat, usually when an obese pt. loses a lof of weight

Question 23

glomerulonephritis

Answer 23

inflammation of the glomeruli (cluster of nerves or vessels) of the kidneys. usually in response to an infection. can be both acute and chronic

Question 24

horseshoe kidney

Answer 24

fusions of the kidneys across the midline either by a renal tissue or fibrous band

Question 25

hydronephrosis

Answer 25

distension of the pelves and calices of the kidneys due to ureter obstruction

Question 26

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease

Answer 26

also called glomerulosclerosis, happens when rounded nodular hyaline masses form in the kidneys. present 25% of people with Diabetes Mellitus

Question 27

metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

disturbance of the acid-base balance in the body toward the acid side

Question 28

nephritis

Answer 28

inflammation of the kidneys

Question 29

nephrosis/nephrotic syndrome

Answer 29

characterized by marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Occurs in glomerular disease and in thrombosis of a renal vein.

Question 30

papillary necrosis

Answer 30

also called necrotizing papillitis. Happens when the renal papillae become infarcted and necrotic and the apices slough into the renal pelvis

Question 31

pyelonephritis

Answer 31

inflammation of the kidney and the renal pelvis. often involves ureters as well, due to bacteria

Question 32

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 32

hereditary condition where much of the renal tissue is replaced by clusters of cysts that contain either clear or hemorrhagic fluid.

Question 33

renal failure

Answer 33

acute renal failure is associated with rapidly increasing azotemia. Chronic can be due to many pathologies and can cause steady deterioration of the kidneys function

Question 34

urolithiasis

Answer 34

formation of calculi in urinary tract

Question 35

Wilms tumor

Answer 35

also called nephroblastoma. Rapidly developed mixed tumor of the kidneys that occurs late in fetal life or early infancy. Growth is rapid and spreads to lungs and brain