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Medical Assistant > Integumentary Diseases And Symptoms > Flashcards

Integumentary Diseases And Symptoms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abrasion

A

wearing away of epidermis by a scraping movement

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2
Q

Bulla

A

blister or bleb. This walled sac, greater than 5 mm in diameter containing serous fluid

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3
Q

Callus

A

localized buildup of layers of the epidermis caused by increased pressure or friction.

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4
Q

Cicatrix

A

a scar. New tissue that forms during healing of a wound

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5
Q

Comedo

A

(plural: comedones) A noninflammatory lesion of acne. Consisting of a plug of keratin within a dilated hair follicle

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6
Q

Contusion

A

A bruise caused by blunt trauma that does not break the skin

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7
Q

Ecchymosis

A

A bruise. hemorrhage under the epidermis that causes a red or purple discoloration.

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8
Q

Eschar

A

Crust that forms over a burn or gangrene

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9
Q

Excoriation

A

a scratch. Linear or hollowed-out crusted area caused by scratching, rubbing, or picking

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10
Q

Furuncle

A

Also called a boil. Painful localized bacterial infection which originates in a hair follicle or gland in the sub-q tissue

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11
Q

Lichenification

A

localized thickening and coarsening of the skin due to chronic irritation. Usually caused by scratching an area for a prolonged period of time.

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12
Q

Macule

A

Examples: Freckles, flat moles, and tattoos. flat, discolored spot less than 1 cm in diameter. Can be of various shapes. There is no change in elevation or texture. Examples: Freckles, flat moles, and tattoos

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13
Q

Patch

A

flat, discolored spot >1cm in diameter. (same thing as a macule but bigger) Can be various shapes, but there is no change in elevation or texture.

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14
Q

Nevus

A

(plural= nevi) Any congenital lesion of the skin – a birthmark

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15
Q

Papule

A

solid, elevated lesion of skin <1cm in diameter. Superficial lesion and may not cause textural irregularities.

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16
Q

Nodule

A

solid, firm, deep, elevated lesion of the skin >1 cm. (just a bigger papule)

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17
Q

Petechia

A

(plural= petechiae) Pinpoint, round, nonraised, purple/red spot caused by hemorrhage just beneath epidermal layer

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18
Q

Pruritits

A

Itching

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19
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Permanent dilation of blood vessels that cause small red lesions

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20
Q

Verruca

A

(plural= veruccae) Warts. Horny surface caused by HPV, often contagious

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21
Q

Wheal

A

a hive. Temporary elevated lesion caused by local edema.

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22
Q

pustule

A

Visible collection of pus in or underneath the epidermis, usually in a hair follicle or sweat pore. Like acne.

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23
Q

Abscess

A

localized collection of pus buried in tissues, organs, or confined spaces

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24
Q

Acne

A

common inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, pus-filled cysts, and in extreme cases, deep inflamed purulent sacs

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25
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

harply outlined red or skin-colored, flat or raised keratotic lesions which may develop into squamos cell carcinoma

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26
Q

Purpura

A

small hemorrhage up to ~1cm causing purplish discoloration. Can either be Macualr (flat) or Papular (raised)

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27
Q

Alopecia

A

absence of hair where it is supposed to be

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28
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Type of skin cancer with varying presentation. Can be small, shiny, formed nodules, scar-like plaques, or lesions appearing like dermatitis. Most common form begins as a small, shiny papule but gets bigger and begins to show a shiny pearl-like border with telangiectasis. Rarely metastasizes.

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29
Q

Burn

A

first degree: superficial redness, second degree: blisters that involve deeper layers of skin, third-degree: destroy the skin and cause damage to underlying tissues

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30
Q

Candidiasis

A

Infection by the Candida fungus. Usually superficial and most commonly impacts the skin. Can also be found in mouth, vagina, and respiratory tract

31
Q

Cellulitis

A

Acute, diffuse, spreading, edematous inflammation primarily of the deep sub-q tissues and muscles. Often associated with abscess formation

32
Q

Decubitus Ulcer

A

Bed sore

33
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin. Several different kinds

34
Q

Atopic Dermatitis

A

chronic itching, superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of related disorders like asthma and hay fever

35
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

Acute or chronic dermatitis caused by materials or substances which come in to contact with the skin

36
Q

Nummular Dermatitis

A

Chronic dermatitis in which there are inflamed, coin-shaped, crusted and scaling pruritis lesions

37
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Inflammatory scaling of the scalp, face, and sometimes other areas. Sometimes used synonymously with dandruff

38
Q

Stasis Dermatitis

A

persistent inflammation of the skin of the lower legs with a tendency to have brown pigment. Associated with venous insufficiency

39
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

Also called fibrous histiocytoma. Refers to firm, red or brown, small papule/nodule occurring in the dermis. Commonly seen in women’s legs following minor trauma

40
Q

Eczema

A

sometimes used synonymously with dermatitis, specifically atopic dermatitis. Literally means “oozing or weeping”. Characterized by pruritic papules with oozing, crusting, and scaling. Lichenification is secondary

41
Q

Erythema

A

generic term for redness of the skin, but there are two types

42
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

inflammatory eruption of the skin with symmetric, red, bullous lesions

43
Q

Erythema Nodosum

A

: inflammatory response of the skin and sub-q tissue characterized by red, tender nodules, especially in the tibial region but also the arms and other areas

44
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation of a follicle(s), generally hair follicles

45
Q

Gangrene

A

tissue necrosis. Usually impacting a large area and associated with loss of blood supply and secondarily infection and putrefaction (decomp)

46
Q

Hemangioma

A

Localized benign vascular tumors of the skin and sub-q tissues

47
Q

Hydradenitis Suppurativa

A

inflammation of the apocrine glands in the dermis and resulting in the obstruction and then rupture of the ducts with painful local inflammation.

48
Q

Ichythyosis

A

Dry Skin. There are multiple different specific types

49
Q

Ichythyosis Vulgaris

A

Dry skin characterized by prominent scaling on the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the back.

50
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial vesiculopustular infection of the skin. Most frequently caused by Staphylococcus Aureus. Most commonly affected areas are the arms, legs, and face.

51
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

Neoplasm characterized by bluish-red nodules found often on the lower extremities (especially the feet). They increase in size and number and spread to more proximal sites. Endemic to Central Africa and Central/Eastern Europe. Particularly virulent form occurs in patients with AIDS.

52
Q

Keloid

A

: enlarges or overgrown scar. Shiny, smooth, dome shaped, and range in color

53
Q

Keratocanthoma

A

round, firm, usually flesh-colored lesion with a central crater containing keratinous material

54
Q

Melanoma

A

A tumor arising from the melanocytic system of the skin. If the term is used alone it refers to malignant melanoma. Melanomas vary in size, shape, and color, although they are usually pigmented, and there is the propensity to invade and metastasize. Such a tumor can spread so quickly as to become fatal within a few months.

55
Q

Mycosis Fungoides

A

malignant condition in which itchy and erythematous patches gradually evolve in to plaques infiltrated by abnormal lymphocytes and convoluted nuclei and then onto the tumor stage

56
Q

Paronychia

A

Infection at the margin of a nail. (also called onchyia)

57
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice infestation anywhere on the body

58
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

Self-limiting, mild, inflammatory skin disease characterized by scaly lesions

59
Q

Psoriasis

A

common chronic and recurrent disease characterized by dry, silvery, scaling papules

60
Q

Pyoderma

A

general term for any skin condition caused by pus-forming bacteria

61
Q

Rosacea

A

Chronic disease of the skin, involving the middle third of the face, and characterized by erythema, telangiectasias, papules, and pustules. This usually occurs in middle age.

62
Q

Scabies

A

contagious parasitic dermatitis of both humans and animals with intense itching and secondary infection. Sometimes called “The Itch”

63
Q

Spongiosis

A

patchy intercellular edema of the epidermis that causes spongy or porous appearance on microscopic exam.

64
Q

Squamos Cell Carcinoma

A

Skin cancer which arises from the malpighian cells of the epithelium. This generally occurs on sun-exposed areas, but can develop anywhere. The tumor itself begins as a red papule with a scaly, crusty surface. The bulk of the tumor can actually lie below the skin, and eventually will invade underlying tissue.

65
Q

Steatoma

A

Fatty mass of the skin which contains follicular, keratinous, and sebaceous material. Most commonly seen on scalp, ears, face, back, and scrotum.

66
Q

Tinea

A

Also called “ringworm.” General term for superficial infections caused by fungi which invade dead tissues of the skin. There are different types based on area of involvement

67
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

Scalp ringworm. Generally impacts kids and is very contagious

68
Q

Tinea Corporis

A

Ringworm of the body

69
Q

Tinea Cruris

A

Jock Itch

70
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

athlete’s foot

71
Q

Tinea Unguium

A

Ringowm of the nails. Also called onychomy

72
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

Also called hives. Local wheals and erythema in the dermis. Vascular reaction in the upper dermis, usually transient.

73
Q

Vitiligo

A

Progressive, chronic pigment anomaly of the skin manifested by white patches that may or may not be surrounded by a hyperpigmented border.

Medical Assistant (39 decks)

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