Integumentary Diseases And Symptoms

Question 1

Abrasion

Answer 1

wearing away of epidermis by a scraping movement

Question 2

Bulla

Answer 2

blister or bleb. This walled sac, greater than 5 mm in diameter containing serous fluid

Question 3

Callus

Answer 3

localized buildup of layers of the epidermis caused by increased pressure or friction.

Question 4

Cicatrix

Answer 4

a scar. New tissue that forms during healing of a wound

Question 5

Comedo

Answer 5

(plural: comedones) A noninflammatory lesion of acne. Consisting of a plug of keratin within a dilated hair follicle

Question 6

Contusion

Answer 6

A bruise caused by blunt trauma that does not break the skin

Question 7

Ecchymosis

Answer 7

A bruise. hemorrhage under the epidermis that causes a red or purple discoloration.

Question 8

Eschar

Answer 8

Crust that forms over a burn or gangrene

Question 9

Excoriation

Answer 9

a scratch. Linear or hollowed-out crusted area caused by scratching, rubbing, or picking

Question 10

Furuncle

Answer 10

Also called a boil. Painful localized bacterial infection which originates in a hair follicle or gland in the sub-q tissue

Question 11

Lichenification

Answer 11

localized thickening and coarsening of the skin due to chronic irritation. Usually caused by scratching an area for a prolonged period of time.

Question 12

Macule

Answer 12

Examples: Freckles, flat moles, and tattoos. flat, discolored spot less than 1 cm in diameter. Can be of various shapes. There is no change in elevation or texture. Examples: Freckles, flat moles, and tattoos

Question 13

Patch

Answer 13

flat, discolored spot >1cm in diameter. (same thing as a macule but bigger) Can be various shapes, but there is no change in elevation or texture.

Question 14

Nevus

Answer 14

(plural= nevi) Any congenital lesion of the skin – a birthmark

Question 15

Papule

Answer 15

solid, elevated lesion of skin <1cm in diameter. Superficial lesion and may not cause textural irregularities.

Question 16

Nodule

Answer 16

solid, firm, deep, elevated lesion of the skin >1 cm. (just a bigger papule)

Question 17

Petechia

Answer 17

(plural= petechiae) Pinpoint, round, nonraised, purple/red spot caused by hemorrhage just beneath epidermal layer

Question 18

Pruritits

Answer 18

Itching

Question 19

Telangiectasia

Answer 19

Permanent dilation of blood vessels that cause small red lesions

Question 20

Verruca

Answer 20

(plural= veruccae) Warts. Horny surface caused by HPV, often contagious

Question 21

Wheal

Answer 21

a hive. Temporary elevated lesion caused by local edema.

Question 22

pustule

Answer 22

Visible collection of pus in or underneath the epidermis, usually in a hair follicle or sweat pore. Like acne.

Question 23

Abscess

Answer 23

localized collection of pus buried in tissues, organs, or confined spaces

Question 24

Acne

Answer 24

common inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, pus-filled cysts, and in extreme cases, deep inflamed purulent sacs

Question 25

Actinic keratosis

Answer 25

harply outlined red or skin-colored, flat or raised keratotic lesions which may develop into squamos cell carcinoma

Question 26

Purpura

Answer 26

small hemorrhage up to ~1cm causing purplish discoloration. Can either be Macualr (flat) or Papular (raised)

Question 27

Alopecia

Answer 27

absence of hair where it is supposed to be

Question 28

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 28

Type of skin cancer with varying presentation. Can be small, shiny, formed nodules, scar-like plaques, or lesions appearing like dermatitis. Most common form begins as a small, shiny papule but gets bigger and begins to show a shiny pearl-like border with telangiectasis. Rarely metastasizes.

Question 29

Burn

Answer 29

first degree: superficial redness, second degree: blisters that involve deeper layers of skin, third-degree: destroy the skin and cause damage to underlying tissues

Question 30

Candidiasis

Answer 30

Infection by the Candida fungus. Usually superficial and most commonly impacts the skin. Can also be found in mouth, vagina, and respiratory tract

Question 31

Cellulitis

Answer 31

Acute, diffuse, spreading, edematous inflammation primarily of the deep sub-q tissues and muscles. Often associated with abscess formation

Question 32

Decubitus Ulcer

Answer 32

Bed sore

Question 33

Dermatitis

Answer 33

Inflammation of the skin. Several different kinds

Question 34

Atopic Dermatitis

Answer 34

chronic itching, superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of related disorders like asthma and hay fever

Question 35

Contact Dermatitis

Answer 35

Acute or chronic dermatitis caused by materials or substances which come in to contact with the skin

Question 36

Nummular Dermatitis

Answer 36

Chronic dermatitis in which there are inflamed, coin-shaped, crusted and scaling pruritis lesions

Question 37

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Answer 37

Inflammatory scaling of the scalp, face, and sometimes other areas. Sometimes used synonymously with dandruff

Question 38

Stasis Dermatitis

Answer 38

persistent inflammation of the skin of the lower legs with a tendency to have brown pigment. Associated with venous insufficiency

Question 39

Dermatofibroma

Answer 39

Also called fibrous histiocytoma. Refers to firm, red or brown, small papule/nodule occurring in the dermis. Commonly seen in women's legs following minor trauma

Question 40

Eczema

Answer 40

sometimes used synonymously with dermatitis, specifically atopic dermatitis. Literally means “oozing or weeping”. Characterized by pruritic papules with oozing, crusting, and scaling. Lichenification is secondary

Question 41

Erythema

Answer 41

generic term for redness of the skin, but there are two types

Question 42

Erythema Multiforme

Answer 42

inflammatory eruption of the skin with symmetric, red, bullous lesions

Question 43

Erythema Nodosum

Answer 43

: inflammatory response of the skin and sub-q tissue characterized by red, tender nodules, especially in the tibial region but also the arms and other areas

Question 44

Folliculitis

Answer 44

Inflammation of a follicle(s), generally hair follicles

Question 45

Gangrene

Answer 45

tissue necrosis. Usually impacting a large area and associated with loss of blood supply and secondarily infection and putrefaction (decomp)

Question 46

Hemangioma

Answer 46

Localized benign vascular tumors of the skin and sub-q tissues

Question 47

Hydradenitis Suppurativa

Answer 47

inflammation of the apocrine glands in the dermis and resulting in the obstruction and then rupture of the ducts with painful local inflammation.

Question 48

Ichythyosis

Answer 48

Dry Skin. There are multiple different specific types

Question 49

Ichythyosis Vulgaris

Answer 49

Dry skin characterized by prominent scaling on the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the back.

Question 50

Impetigo

Answer 50

Superficial vesiculopustular infection of the skin. Most frequently caused by Staphylococcus Aureus. Most commonly affected areas are the arms, legs, and face.

Question 51

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 51

Neoplasm characterized by bluish-red nodules found often on the lower extremities (especially the feet). They increase in size and number and spread to more proximal sites. Endemic to Central Africa and Central/Eastern Europe. Particularly virulent form occurs in patients with AIDS.

Question 52

Keloid

Answer 52

: enlarges or overgrown scar. Shiny, smooth, dome shaped, and range in color

Question 53

Keratocanthoma

Answer 53

round, firm, usually flesh-colored lesion with a central crater containing keratinous material

Question 54

Melanoma

Answer 54

A tumor arising from the melanocytic system of the skin. If the term is used alone it refers to malignant melanoma. Melanomas vary in size, shape, and color, although they are usually pigmented, and there is the propensity to invade and metastasize. Such a tumor can spread so quickly as to become fatal within a few months.

Question 55

Mycosis Fungoides

Answer 55

malignant condition in which itchy and erythematous patches gradually evolve in to plaques infiltrated by abnormal lymphocytes and convoluted nuclei and then onto the tumor stage

Question 56

Paronychia

Answer 56

Infection at the margin of a nail. (also called onchyia)

Question 57

Pediculosis

Answer 57

Lice infestation anywhere on the body

Question 58

Pityriasis rosea

Answer 58

Self-limiting, mild, inflammatory skin disease characterized by scaly lesions

Question 59

Psoriasis

Answer 59

common chronic and recurrent disease characterized by dry, silvery, scaling papules

Question 60

Pyoderma

Answer 60

general term for any skin condition caused by pus-forming bacteria

Question 61

Rosacea

Answer 61

Chronic disease of the skin, involving the middle third of the face, and characterized by erythema, telangiectasias, papules, and pustules. This usually occurs in middle age.

Question 62

Scabies

Answer 62

contagious parasitic dermatitis of both humans and animals with intense itching and secondary infection. Sometimes called “The Itch”

Question 63

Spongiosis

Answer 63

patchy intercellular edema of the epidermis that causes spongy or porous appearance on microscopic exam.

Question 64

Squamos Cell Carcinoma

Answer 64

Skin cancer which arises from the malpighian cells of the epithelium. This generally occurs on sun-exposed areas, but can develop anywhere. The tumor itself begins as a red papule with a scaly, crusty surface. The bulk of the tumor can actually lie below the skin, and eventually will invade underlying tissue.

Question 65

Steatoma

Answer 65

Fatty mass of the skin which contains follicular, keratinous, and sebaceous material. Most commonly seen on scalp, ears, face, back, and scrotum.

Question 66

Tinea

Answer 66

Also called “ringworm.” General term for superficial infections caused by fungi which invade dead tissues of the skin. There are different types based on area of involvement

Question 67

Tinea Capitis

Answer 67

Scalp ringworm. Generally impacts kids and is very contagious

Question 68

Tinea Corporis

Answer 68

Ringworm of the body

Question 69

Tinea Cruris

Answer 69

Jock Itch

Question 70

Tinea Pedis

Answer 70

athlete's foot

Question 71

Tinea Unguium

Answer 71

Ringowm of the nails. Also called onychomy

Question 72

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Answer 72

Also called hives. Local wheals and erythema in the dermis. Vascular reaction in the upper dermis, usually transient.

Question 73

Vitiligo

Answer 73

Progressive, chronic pigment anomaly of the skin manifested by white patches that may or may not be surrounded by a hyperpigmented border.