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Medical Assistant > Respiratory Diseases and Symptoms > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases and Symptoms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

clubbing

A

enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes. Indication of severe pulmonary disorders and is usually examined in conjunction with cyanosis and edema

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2
Q

congestion

A

excessive or abnormal accumulation of fluid

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3
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration, particularly in the nailbeds or perioral area

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4
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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5
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood or bloody sputum. Usually caused by bleeding somewhere in the respiratory tract.

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6
Q

malaise

A

vauge feeling of bodily discomfort and fatigue. Not necessarilt realated specifically to respiratory dysfunction

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7
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

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8
Q

rales

A

usually pronounced “rawls” (occasionally rails or rals) Also called crackles. Discontinuous nonmusical sounds heard primarily during inspiration.

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9
Q

rhonchi

A

continuous dry rattling sounds in the throat or bronchial tube due to a partial obstruction

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10
Q

stridor

A

musical sound, heard with stethoscope on inspiration

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11
Q

tachypnea

A

shortness of breath

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12
Q

wheezing

A

telltale sign of asthma

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13
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus buried in tissues, organs, or confined spaces

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14
Q

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

chronic respiratory failure associated with various acute pulmonary injuries. Characterized by pulmonary edema, respiratory distress, and hypoxemia.

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15
Q

apnea

A

cessation or breathing

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16
Q

asphyxia

A

Suffocation

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17
Q

asthma

A

condition marked by recurrent attacks or paroxysmal dyspnea and is manifested by wheezing.

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18
Q

paroxysmal

A

a paroxysm is a sudden recurrence of intensification of symptoms

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19
Q

atelectasis

A

INcomplete expansion of a lung, a shrunken or airless lung. Either acute or chronic, complete or partial.

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20
Q

bronchiectasis

A

irriversible chronic dilation of the bronchi that is usually accompanied by infection. Manifested by fetid breath and paroxysmal coughing with mucopurulent matter

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21
Q

fetid

A

nasty smelling

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22
Q

expectoration

A

act of coughing op and spitting out materials

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23
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes.

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24
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs usually beginning in the terminal bronchioles (can also be called bronchiolitis, bronchoalveolitis, beonchopneumonitis)

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25
Q

bronchiolitis

A

another name for bronchopneumonia

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26
Q

bronchoalveolitis

A

another name for bronchopneumonia

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27
Q

bronchopneumonitis

A

another name for bronchopneumonia

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28
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Generalized term related to persistent airway obstructions, referring to increased resistance to airflow during forced expiration. Associated with various combos of chronic bronchitis, respiratory bronchiolitis, asthma, and emphysema.

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29
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

fungal disease of respiratory system as a result of spore inhalation. Manifests primarily by cold symptoms. also called “valley fever”

30
Q

emphysema

A

pathological accumulation of air in the tissues and organs, especially their lungs. In pulmonary emphysema there is dilation of the alveoli and destruction of the their walls. Common cause of disability end eventual death for cigarette smokers.

31
Q

empyema

A

Accumulation of pus in a body cavity. There are many different types

32
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

33
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

34
Q

hemothorax

A

collection of blood in pleural cavity. Often from blunt or penetrating trauma.

35
Q

hyaline membrane disease (HMD)

A

disorder normally impacting premature newborns. When the alveoli are lined by a hyaline material, usually results in extensive atelectasis and is often fatal.

36
Q

infiltrate

A

material deposited in organs or cells which are not normal, or in excessive quantities.

37
Q

interstitial

A

pertaining to or in between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue

38
Q

interstitial lung disease

A

several kinds. Abnormal accumulation of many different cell types in the alveoli and bronchioles. ultimately leads to progressive destruction of the lungs

39
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx. Usually associated with a dry sore throat. hoarseness, cough, and dysphagia.

40
Q

papilloma

A

benign tumor. common in children starting at age one, and can grow exuberantly in the larynx. viral in origin and can cause hoarseness. Can be removed surgically but tend to recur

41
Q

pertussis

A

“whooping cough”. Acute, highly contagious infection. Most often seen in young children and characterized by paroxysmal coughing.

42
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess fluid in the pleural space. usually determined by X-Ray and almost always requires thoracentesis

43
Q

serous

A

fluid that is clear and yellow

44
Q

sanguineous

A

bloody fluid

45
Q

serosanguineous

A

fluid containing both serum and blood

46
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura. Characterized by pain that is worse with breathing and coughing. usually acute onset.

47
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

condition characterized by the permanent deposition of substantial amounts of particulate matter into the lungs. also called occupational pneumonia

48
Q

anthracosis

A

common type of pneumoconiosis, also called Black Lung

49
Q

asbestosis

A

Common type of pneumoconiosis due to inflammation of asbestos fibers

50
Q

berylliosis

A

common type of pneumoconiosis due to beryllium dust

51
Q

silicosis

A

common type of pneumoconiosis due to sand particles.

52
Q

pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lung resulting in consolidation

53
Q

pneumonitis

A

pneumonia

54
Q

consolidation

A

a pathologic process where normally aerated lung tissue is converted into a dense airless mass

55
Q

Hemophilus influenzae

A

second most common cause of bacterial pneumonia. Most serious of this strain is Type B, which is usually called Hib pneumonia

56
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

most frequent gram-negative bacilli, normally impacts already compromised lungs.

57
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram-negative pathogen

58
Q

Acinetobacter

A

gram-negative pathogen

59
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Legionnaire’s disease. only 1-8% of pneumonias. early Stage: headache, malaise, fever, myalgia, cough.

60
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Most common for ages 5-35. Otherwise quite rare. 10-14 incubation period, spreads steadily.

61
Q

Pneumococcus pneumoniae

A

most common cause for bacterial pneumonia. Usually begins wither upper resp. tract infection. Onset is often a single shaking chill followed by fever, pain with breathing, cough, dyspnea, and sputum.

62
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

approx. 2% of community acquired pneumonias. Infants, elderly, hospitalized, surgical, and immunosuppressed patients are at risk. Closely resembled Pneumococcal Pneumoniae but with 30-40% mortality rate sometimes

63
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

relatively ware wince WWI. Ususally complication of flue, measles, chickenpox, and pertussis

64
Q

pneumothorax

A

free air in pleural cavity between visceral and parietal pleurae. Can happen spontaneously or due to trauma

65
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of mucous membranes of the nose.

66
Q

sarcoidosis

A

Also called Boeck sarcoid. Systemic disease of unknown etiology with the most severe manifestation being granulomatous pneumonitis

67
Q

granulomatous

A

pertaining to any small nodular aggregation of a certain kind of cells.

68
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of trachea

69
Q

tuberculosis

A

chronic, recurrent infection most common in the lungs. Can be dormant for many years. can be fatal due to lung destruction but is often asymptomatic. Can be highly infectious.

70
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

gram-positive bacterium casing TB

71
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

The common cold. Acute usually afebrile viral infection, with inflammation in any and all airways.

72
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

uncommon disease that usually begins as a localized granulomatous inflammation of the upper and/or lower respiratory tract mucosa

Medical Assistant (39 decks)

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