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Medical Assistant > Gastrointestinal Diseases and Symptoms > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Diseases and Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

anorexia

A

loss or total lack of apetite

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2
Q

borborygmi

A

audible rumbling of

gas Singular: borborygmus/borborygmos

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3
Q

rigor

A

shivering or trembling, usually accompanied by fever

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4
Q

obstipation

A

constipation that continues for a prolonged period of time

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5
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

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7
Q

febrile

A

has a fever

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8
Q

afebrile

A

not having a fever

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9
Q

flatus

A

gas produced by bacterial action on waste matter

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10
Q

heartburn

A

retrosternal sensation of burning felt in waves

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11
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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12
Q

hematochezia

A

passing of bloody stool

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13
Q

melena

A

Passage of dark and pithy stools stained with blood pigment, and black vomit

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14
Q

odynophagia

A

pain during swallowing

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15
Q

pallor

A

paleness

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16
Q

tenesmus

A

straining, especially ineffective and painful straining during bowel movement or urination

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17
Q

achalasia

A

impairment of normal esophageal peristalsis. also impacts ability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

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18
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

mental condition associated with refusal to eat or maintain minimal body weight

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19
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

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20
Q

vermiform

A

diverticulum of the cecum

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21
Q

atresia

A

absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ

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22
Q

bezoar

A

tightly packed and partially digested agglomerations of hair or vegetable matter. Seeds, bubble gum, medication, and other materials can mimic true beozars

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23
Q

botulism

A

type of food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum due to improperly canned foods. Can be deadly

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24
Q

cheiloschisis

A

cleft lip

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25
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gall bladder. Generally indicative of a severe infection, often resulting in removal of gall bladder
26
cholelithiasis
formation or gallstones
27
chirrhosis
group of liver diseases in which the normal structure is destroyed over time by nodules.
28
colitis
inflammation of oclon
29
dental caries
tooth decay
30
diarrhea
abnormal frequency and liquidity of poop
31
diverticulum
abnormal bulge, pocket, or pouch formed from a hollow tubular structure
32
diverticula
plural of diverticulum
33
diverticulitis
inflammation of diverticulum
34
diverticulosis
presence of diverticula with the absence of diverticulitis
35
Zenker diverticulum
most common place that a diverticulum occurs, just below the pharynx
36
dysentery
variety of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestines
37
amebic dysentery
most common type of dysentery, due to ulceration of the bowel caused by amebiasis
38
amebiasis
being infected with amebae
39
dyspepsia
general term that means the impairment to the power or function of digestion
40
enteritis
inflammation of the intestine, especially the small intestine
41
enterocolitis
inflammation of both the intestine and colon
42
cholera
form of enteritis that is spread through food and water contaminated with feces
43
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
44
fecalith
intestinal concretion formed around a center of fecal matter
45
fistula
abnormal passage or communication between two organs from an internal organ to the surface of the body.
46
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach.
47
gasteoenteritis
acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines
48
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD. usually cause by nonfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter
49
halitosis
offensively bad breath.
50
hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver. some are transmitted fecal/oral route, blood contact, or STI
51
hernia
protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ/tissue through an abnormal opening.
52
abdominal hernia
protrusion of some internal structure through abdominal wal
53
hiatal hernai
protrusion of the stomach above the diaphgragm
54
sliding hiatal hernia
when the stomach and a section of the esophagus slides up into the chest through what is called a hiatus (gap/passage)
55
paraesophageal hernia
hernia in which the stomach squeezed through the hiatus, but the esophagus and stomach stay in their regular locations
56
inguinal hernia
hernia into the inguinal canal
57
umbilical hernia
protrusion of part of the intestine through teh umbilicus
58
Hirschsprung disease
congentical megacolon, or a dilation and hypertrophy of the colon due to sustained contraction of the muscles of the rectosigmoid
59
hypertrophy
enlargement of an organ due to an increase in the size of its cells
60
ileus
temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis, which often leads to obsctruction
61
adynamic ileus
suspension of peristalsis because of paralysis or atony
62
inflammatory bowel disease
variety of bowel disorders whose etiology cannot be directly determiend.
63
Crohn disease
unknown cause. can affect any part of the GI tract but is very common in the iliocecal area
64
ulcerative colitis
chronic, nonspecific, inflammatory, and ulcerative disease that arises in the colonic mucosa and usually involves the rectum.
65
intussusception
when a segment of bowel advances and protrudes into the segment distal to it
66
irritable bowel syndrome
intermittent or constant abdominal distress and bowel dysfunction which has no demonstrable cause
67
leukoplakia
white patch of mucous membrane that will not rub off. Occurs in the mouth and is considered to be a premalignant lesion common in smokers
68
malabsorption
impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients
69
mumps
acute, highly contagious, viral disease. Causes painful enlargement of the salivary glands
70
pancreatitis
inflammation of pancreas
71
Giardia
intestinal protozoa that has large sucking disc.
72
giardiasis
infection that occurs with the Giardia parasite
73
peptic ulcer disease
inflammation and ulceration in the duodenum and stomach caused by gastric acid juice
74
Barrett esophagus
chronic peptic ulcer of the esophagus
75
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum. Symptoms; Tenderness, constipation, vomiting, moderate fever
76
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx. Most common etiology of a sore throat
77
polyp
any mass of tissue that arises from the bowel wall and protrudes into the lumen.
78
sessile
attached at the base
79
pedunculated
attached by a stem like structure or stalk
80
prolapse
falling down or sinking.
81
pruritus ani
pruritis = itching. intense chronic itching in anal region
82
Schatski ring
2-4 mm mucosal structure which causes a ring like narrowing of the lower esophagus, usually congenital,
83
ulcers
defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue
84
volvulus
intestinal obstruction that is due to a knotting or twisting of the bowel

Medical Assistant (39 decks)

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