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Medical Assistant > Gastrointestinal Diseases and Symptoms > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Diseases and Symptoms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anorexia

A

loss or total lack of apetite

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2
Q

borborygmi

A

audible rumbling of

gas Singular: borborygmus/borborygmos

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3
Q

rigor

A

shivering or trembling, usually accompanied by fever

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4
Q

obstipation

A

constipation that continues for a prolonged period of time

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5
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

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7
Q

febrile

A

has a fever

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8
Q

afebrile

A

not having a fever

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9
Q

flatus

A

gas produced by bacterial action on waste matter

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10
Q

heartburn

A

retrosternal sensation of burning felt in waves

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11
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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12
Q

hematochezia

A

passing of bloody stool

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13
Q

melena

A

Passage of dark and pithy stools stained with blood pigment, and black vomit

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14
Q

odynophagia

A

pain during swallowing

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15
Q

pallor

A

paleness

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16
Q

tenesmus

A

straining, especially ineffective and painful straining during bowel movement or urination

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17
Q

achalasia

A

impairment of normal esophageal peristalsis. also impacts ability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

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18
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

mental condition associated with refusal to eat or maintain minimal body weight

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19
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

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20
Q

vermiform

A

diverticulum of the cecum

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21
Q

atresia

A

absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ

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22
Q

bezoar

A

tightly packed and partially digested agglomerations of hair or vegetable matter. Seeds, bubble gum, medication, and other materials can mimic true beozars

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23
Q

botulism

A

type of food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum due to improperly canned foods. Can be deadly

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24
Q

cheiloschisis

A

cleft lip

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25
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gall bladder. Generally indicative of a severe infection, often resulting in removal of gall bladder

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26
Q

cholelithiasis

A

formation or gallstones

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27
Q

chirrhosis

A

group of liver diseases in which the normal structure is destroyed over time by nodules.

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28
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of oclon

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29
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay

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30
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormal frequency and liquidity of poop

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31
Q

diverticulum

A

abnormal bulge, pocket, or pouch formed from a hollow tubular structure

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32
Q

diverticula

A

plural of diverticulum

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33
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticulum

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34
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula with the absence of diverticulitis

35
Q

Zenker diverticulum

A

most common place that a diverticulum occurs, just below the pharynx

36
Q

dysentery

A

variety of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestines

37
Q

amebic dysentery

A

most common type of dysentery, due to ulceration of the bowel caused by amebiasis

38
Q

amebiasis

A

being infected with amebae

39
Q

dyspepsia

A

general term that means the impairment to the power or function of digestion

40
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially the small intestine

41
Q

enterocolitis

A

inflammation of both the intestine and colon

42
Q

cholera

A

form of enteritis that is spread through food and water contaminated with feces

43
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

44
Q

fecalith

A

intestinal concretion formed around a center of fecal matter

45
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage or communication between two organs from an internal organ to the surface of the body.

46
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach.

47
Q

gasteoenteritis

A

acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines

48
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

GERD. usually cause by nonfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter

49
Q

halitosis

A

offensively bad breath.

50
Q

hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver. some are transmitted fecal/oral route, blood contact, or STI

51
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ/tissue through an abnormal opening.

52
Q

abdominal hernia

A

protrusion of some internal structure through abdominal wal

53
Q

hiatal hernai

A

protrusion of the stomach above the diaphgragm

54
Q

sliding hiatal hernia

A

when the stomach and a section of the esophagus slides up into the chest through what is called a hiatus (gap/passage)

55
Q

paraesophageal hernia

A

hernia in which the stomach squeezed through the hiatus, but the esophagus and stomach stay in their regular locations

56
Q

inguinal hernia

A

hernia into the inguinal canal

57
Q

umbilical hernia

A

protrusion of part of the intestine through teh umbilicus

58
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

congentical megacolon, or a dilation and hypertrophy of the colon due to sustained contraction of the muscles of the rectosigmoid

59
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of an organ due to an increase in the size of its cells

60
Q

ileus

A

temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis, which often leads to obsctruction

61
Q

adynamic ileus

A

suspension of peristalsis because of paralysis or atony

62
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

variety of bowel disorders whose etiology cannot be directly determiend.

63
Q

Crohn disease

A

unknown cause. can affect any part of the GI tract but is very common in the iliocecal area

64
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic, nonspecific, inflammatory, and ulcerative disease that arises in the colonic mucosa and usually involves the rectum.

65
Q

intussusception

A

when a segment of bowel advances and protrudes into the segment distal to it

66
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

intermittent or constant abdominal distress and bowel dysfunction which has no demonstrable cause

67
Q

leukoplakia

A

white patch of mucous membrane that will not rub off. Occurs in the mouth and is considered to be a premalignant lesion common in smokers

68
Q

malabsorption

A

impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients

69
Q

mumps

A

acute, highly contagious, viral disease. Causes painful enlargement of the salivary glands

70
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of pancreas

71
Q

Giardia

A

intestinal protozoa that has large sucking disc.

72
Q

giardiasis

A

infection that occurs with the Giardia parasite

73
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

inflammation and ulceration in the duodenum and stomach caused by gastric acid juice

74
Q

Barrett esophagus

A

chronic peptic ulcer of the esophagus

75
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum. Symptoms; Tenderness, constipation, vomiting, moderate fever

76
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx. Most common etiology of a sore throat

77
Q

polyp

A

any mass of tissue that arises from the bowel wall and protrudes into the lumen.

78
Q

sessile

A

attached at the base

79
Q

pedunculated

A

attached by a stem like structure or stalk

80
Q

prolapse

A

falling down or sinking.

81
Q

pruritus ani

A

pruritis = itching. intense chronic itching in anal region

82
Q

Schatski ring

A

2-4 mm mucosal structure which causes a ring like narrowing of the lower esophagus, usually congenital,

83
Q

ulcers

A

defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue

84
Q

volvulus

A

intestinal obstruction that is due to a knotting or twisting of the bowel

Medical Assistant (39 decks)

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