Urinary Pathology Flashcards
Diuresis
Increase in urine production; pt goes to bathroom more often. Can be d/t a diuretic such as caffeine and also drinking more water.
Anuria
Absence of producing urine. Connected with Uremia. Both occur in renal failure. Fatal. Kidney is not filtering blood, causing metabolic waste buildup. Manually filter blood with machine.
Dysuria
Difficult/painful urination (usu d/t infection or UTI)
UTI
Urinary Tract Infection. Treated with antibiotics. Common in young girls and the elderly d/t anatomy and hygiene. Can progress up the urethra to the bladder and kidneys, which can be fatal. Can cause hematuria
Why are females and young girls more prone to UTIs?
The female urethra is shorter than a males, which makes it easier for bacteria to go up and reach the bladder/kidneys.
Young girls get it a lot because they wipe back to front, bringing bacteria from the anus to the urethra.
Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine usu in children/infants. NERVOUS SYSTEM does not yet have full control of bladder.
Why are elderly more prone to UTIs?
Most elderly cannot take care of themselves and therefore cannot go to the bathroom alone. They often wear diapers that are not changed often enough, causing them to sit in their own excrements and cause infection.
Hematuria
Blood in urine. Can be caused by passing kidney stones.
Nocturnal enuresis
Urination during sleep. Usu in children/infants. Control of bladder during the day but not at night.
Oliguria
Only small amount of urine is produced. AKA scanty. Feel like you have to pee a lot but only small amount comes out.
Polyuria
Increase in urine production but pt doesn’t go to bathroom more often; just increase in volume of urine excreted.
Incontinence
Uncontrollable urine excretion. Cannot hold it. Common in the elderly and 3rd trimester pregnant women. MUSCLE WEAKNESS.
Retention
Urine is retained in bladder and not excreted all the way. D/t infection. Urine is left behind.
Cystolithiasis
Presence of stones in the bladder caused by body chemistry.
Diabetes Mellitis (4 symptoms)
Glycosuria, hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria: damage to nephron from bursting of capillaries in nephrons. Renal corpuscle is susceptible to ruptured capillaries d/t diabetes. Impaired filtration.
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones. Not smooth. Causes discomfort and pain when passed. Stone sitting in kidney is asymptomatic.
Kidney problems causes..
Back pain
Glycosuria
Sugar in urine d/t kidneys attempting to remove SOME sugar in blood.
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar.
Polydipsia
Extreme thirst
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Infant disease of lack of enzyme that breaks down phenylalaline. Causes development disorders. Presence of phenylalanine in urine. Inherited
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Development of cysts in the kidney causing impaired function of kidney
Nephrosclerosis
Arteriole walls of the kidney narrow and thicken d/t high blood pressure/hypertension. Can cause renal ischemia
Renal failure
Toxic condition of buildup of metabolic waste in blood due to impaired filtration of the kidneys.
2 types of renal failure?
Acute and chronic
Acute renal failure
d/t anesthesia, infection, (untreated UTI). Uses peritoneal dialysis.
Chronic renal failure
d/t untreated diabetes and PKD. Treated with dialysis
Wilms tumor
Childhood malignant cancer of the kidney. Renal failure. Nephron damage.
