Chapter 8 Digestive Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
Appendicitis
Inflammation of appendix….Lower Right Quadrant; laparoscopic appendectomy to treat. Appendix can rupture, causing fluids to leak everywhere and cause infection. Fatal.
Laparoscopic appendectomy
Minimally invasive.
Uses only 3 pieces of equipment- a camera, a grabber, and an instrument that blows air into abdominal cavity, Heat tool is used instead of cutting to cauterize.
This way of appendectomy reduces blood loss and lowers chance of HAI.
Where are all things cut off of patients sent?
The lab to inspect for cancer cells, bacteria, etc.
Cirrhosis
Scarring of the liver walls, usu due to one of 2 things: alcoholism or hepatitis (viral disease)
How is cirrhosis caused by alcoholism?
Alcohol is poison that is processed in the liver. Chronic exposure of alcohol in the liver causes inflammation and scar tissue. Scar tissue makes liver wall impermeable to blood, making the liver essentially unusable. Can cause death.
What is a treatment for cirrhosis?
Liver transplant. People with cirrhosis caused by alcoholism is not eligible for a transplant unless they go through a 3+ year plan of alcohol addiction treatment.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. Can cause scar tissue, which leads to cirrhosis.
Celiac disease
Gluten allergy. Autoimmune- body attacks sm and lg intestines causing swelling and inflammation. Causes altered peristalsis and pain.
Treatment for celiac disease?
Avoid gluten and use immunosuppressants
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder. Often pairs with Cholelithiasis
Colon cancer
Aggressive cancer of the colon or large intestine. Hard to treat and must get regular screening to check for it. Recommended colonoscopy for colon cancer at 50. May be earlier if colon cancer is in family
Crohn’s disease
Autoimmune condition that causes random inflammation anywhere in digestive tract. painful and causes inflammation. Cannot process food, causes diarrhea, constipation, nutrition issues.
How to treat Crohn’s disease
use immunosuppressants or surgically remove affected area. Must use stoma after this surgery.
Dental carries
Cavities. To treat, drill out and fill.
Enteritis
Inflammation of small intestine. Can be caused by spicy foods
Esophageal varices
veins that supply esophagus rupture b/c of cirrhosis. backed up blood in portal vein caused by cirrhosis causes bulging esophageal veins. Eating something that causes it to rupture causes excessive and quick bleeding. Blood flows down into stomach and fills it up faster than it can digest, causing hematemesis.
Gastroenteritis
Stomach and small intestine inflammation
Gastroenteritis Reflux Disease (GERD)
Heartburn/pyrosis. Acid reflux caused by opening in diaphragm trapdoor, causing stomach acid to go up and burn esophagus. Position can make it worse, pregnant women can have this, obese people, and people with a hiatal hernia.
Hepatitis
Viral infection. Blood borne- spread thru bodily fluids. Hep A is acute and Hep B and C are chronic
Hiatal hernia
Stomach ruptures thru diaphragm. part of stomach is in pulmonary cavity. It is ok if it is a small amount, but if a large section of stomach is past diaphragm, it needs surgery.
Ileus
Obstruction in sm or lg intestines. Caused by intestinal adhesions or intussusception.
Intestinal adhesions
Intestinal scar tissue that abnormally binds and blocks intestines.
Intussusception
Intestine folds in on itself.
Volvulus
Twisting of intestines which causes blockage. Believed to be caused by incorrect movement in intestines when placed in the body before birth, then in adulthood it twists back causing blockage.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Autoimmune…pt switches from diarrhea to constipation and back and forth. Random.
Which is more common: duodenal ulcer or peptic ulcer?
duodenal ulcer because stomach lining is made for the stomach acid while the duodenum is not.
Periodontal disease
Gingivitis gone untreated. Causes gums to recede and eventually tooth loss. Smells very bad.
Who treats periodontal disease?
Periodontist
How is periodontal disease treated?
Deep cleaning deep under gums (under anesthesia)
Abdominal ultrasound
soundwaves used to find things such as cholelithiasis
Barium enema
Used to view LGI. Chalky substance is injected thru anus to coat lower GI, then xray is taken
Computerized Tomography
CT scan. High powered xray
Endoscopy
View of UGI using camera down the throat. Live camera.
Fluoroscopy
live xray
Occult blood test
Digested blood
UGI series
barium swallow… chalky substance is swallowed to view upper GI
