Chapter 6 Cardiovascular System Notes Flashcards
Functions of the cardiovascular system:
Circulates blood through body in order to deviler oxygen and eliminate waste products.
Waste products are delivered to lungs for removal of CO2 (respiratory).
Kidneys filter out waste in blood and removes waste via the urinary system.
Also removes waste through integumentary system thru sweat.
Epicardium
AKA pericardium. Innermost layer of pericardium.
Myocardium
Middle muscular layer. Literally translates to “heart muscle”.
Endocardium
Lines inner chambers & covers valves
What are the three main layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium (From superficial to deep)
Two types of chambers?
Atria and ventricles
Atria
Receives blood from veins (upper chambers)
Ventricles
Pumps blood to lungs & to the rest of the body (lower chambers)
What are the two types of heart valves?
Atrioventricular and semilunar
Atrioventricular Valves
Also called AV valves. The tricuspid (between right atrium and right ventricle) and bicuspid/mitral (between left atrium and left ventricle) valves are AV valves.
Semilunar Valves
Pulmonary (Pulmonary artery) and aortic (aortic artery) valves.
Two types of circulation?
Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
Pulmonary Circulation
Occurs in right side of the heart. Deoxygenated blood goes from the heart, to the lungs to get oxygenated, and back to the heart to get pumped through the body by systemic circulation.
Systemic Circulation
Occurs in the left side of the heart. Oxygenated blood goes from the heart and to the body cells to deliver oxygen, then goes back to the heart as deoxygenated. It then goes through pulmonary circulation to get oxygenated.
Blood Pressure
Pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery/vein. It is written as a ratio. BP (Blood Pressure) is measured in mm/Hg (millimeters of mercury)
Normal adult blood pressure
Systolic = 90-140 over diastolic = 60-90
Systolic BP
Ventricles contracting
Diastolic BP
Ventricles relaxing
Sphygmomanometer
Tool to measure blood pressure. Consists of an inflatable blood pressure cuff and a gauge.
Coronary arteries
Arteries branching directly off the aorta. They supply the heart with oxygen. There is not much vessel branching here, which makes plaque buildup more problematic.
Muscle mass of atria and ventricles?
Atria hardly has any muscle. They have very thin walls. In dissection, the atria will look deflated on top of the ventricles.
Ventricles have a lot more muscle. Thicker walls.
Difference between myocardial infraction in left coronary arteries vs right coronary arteries?
MI in the right coronary artery is less harmful than the left coronary artery because right atrium and ventricle goes to lungs which is closer, while the left atrium and ventricle requires a lot more power to go all over the body and back to the heart.
2 types of cholesterol? Which one is bad and which one is good?
HDL and LDL. LDL is bad, HDL is good.
What does HDL stand for?
High Density Lipoprotein
What does LDL stand for?
Low Density Lipoprotein
What should your total cholesterol be?
Below 200. This is the number of HDLs and LDLs added together.
Where can cholesterol info be found?
Blood chemistry profile
What is cholesterol levels based on?
Diet
Foods high in HDL
Greens, beans, grains, healthy foods
Foods high in LDL
Fats, sugars, oils, animal proteins
Job of LDLs
When there is damage by HBP to the vessel walls, LDL is sent to repair it by absorbing into the walls.
job of HDLs
HDL takes out LDL once repairs are done
Consequences of higher levels of LDL compared to HDL?
High LDL levels and not enough HDL causes LDLs to build up and be permanently stuck to the walls, causing plaque buildup. The body identifies LDL buildup as a new growth/tumor and WBC go to check it out. They get stuck to it and cause more buildup.
Atheroma
Non-malignant lump that starts as LDL buildup and grows because of WBC buildup.
