Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What country has the largest diabetes population?

Answer 1

U.S.

Question 2

What top three ethnicities are the most susceptible (in order)

Answer 2

American Indian/Alaskan, Black, Hispanic

Question 3

Insulin

Answer 3

A hormone produced by the pancreas into the bloodstream in response to high blood sugars from what you eat. Helps sugar enter cells to be used for energy.

Question 4

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 4

AKA Juvenile diabetes or IDDM. Pancreas can’t produce insulin and probably never could. Diagnosed early in life, usu by age 16. Autoimmune, genetic, or idiopathic. Not preventable. Needs synthetic insulin injections.

Question 5

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 5

AKA adult onset or NIDDM. Most common. d/t diet. Pancreas can and did produce insulin at one time but now doesn’t produce enough or any at all. Body cells also become immune to insulin which causes it to not take up enough sugar. Pancreas wears out but can be usable again w/ diet change.

Question 6

Why is type 2 Diabetes called NIDDM?

Answer 6

Because though the pt still needs to take synthetic insulin, the pancreas still somewhat works as it is only temporarily worn out.

Question 7

Gestational diabetes

Answer 7

Develops during pregnancy in people who don’t normally have diabetes. Can cause miscarriage. Goes away after birth. 50% of women who have this develop diabetes later after birth. Tested for in all pregnant women.

Question 8

How to test for gestational diabetes?

Answer 8

Drink very sugary drink to test how body reacts to high blood sugar levels.

Question 9

Prediabetes

Answer 9

Blood glucose is higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes. Caused by diet. Precursor to type 2. In the younger age group. Every 1 in 5 has this. Can be stopped with diet change.

Question 10

How does diabetes Mellitus affect the cardiovascular system?

Answer 10

It causes capillary damage and plaques vessels near the legs and feet. Can cause gangrene.

Question 11

How does diabetes Mellitus affect the nervous system?

Answer 11

It causes diabetic neuropathy, which is damage to the nerves specifically in the legs and FEET. Loss of feeling in feet is common. If you step on something sharp and you leave if there because you don’t notice, it gets infected and you can die from sepsis

Question 12

How does diabetes Mellitus affect the special senses/eyes?

Answer 12

Causes diabetic retinopathy, which can lead to blindness.

Question 13

How does diabetes Mellitus affect the urinary system?

Answer 13

Can cause chronic renal failure due to damage to the nephron. AKA diabetic nephropathy. #1 cause of renal failure in the US is diabetes Mellitus.

Question 14

How does diabetes Mellitus affect the immune system?

Answer 14

Healing time is doubled at the least. Dangerous esp in elderly as it can cause them to be nonmobile for long periods of time, making them susceptible to dying of a blood clot. Transplants (heart transplants) are often refused to be done because of the long healing time.

Question 15

Symptoms of diabetes Mellitus? (6)

Answer 15

Polydipsia, weight loss, blurry vision, frequent infections, and increase in hunger.

Question 16

Management for diabetes?

Answer 16

Monitor blood sugars, inject correct amount of insulin, get medications and supplies, pay for them….learn about nutrition!!!

Question 17

How to monitor blood sugar?

Answer 17

Use of a glucose monitor or blood sugar monitor. Constantly draw blood and test. >100 is considered ok. (device is covered by insurance)

Question 18

Why don’t people treat/manage their diabetes?

Answer 18

Because it’s troublesome and expensive.