Chapter 7 Disease/Conditions Flashcards
Aspiration
Inhalation of something other than air. For example, vomit or water.
Asthma
Usu due to an allergen or from exercise. Constriction of bronchial tubes and increase in mucus production.
How does asthma work?
When there is contact with the allergy trigger, immune system attacks airway which causes swelling of airway and overproduction of mucus in mucous membrane. Can partially block airway or completely block it.
What are inhalers? (asthma)
Aerosolized medication. Corticosteroids. Anti-inflam.
Respiratory system works better when….
….air is moist and warm by mucous membrane.
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung due to airway obstruction, hypoventilation, and fluid buildup. Can be caused if something blocking the airway. Atelectasis is treated by removing whatever is causing the collapsed lung.
What is atelectasis due to trauma called?
Pneumothorax
Bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchus. Inflammation of mucous linning in bronchus due to infection.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma (lung cancer)
Caused by smoking or inhaling toxic fumes… most common in the US
Who is eligible for a lung transplant?
People who have unintentionally inhaled toxic fumes, but not people who smoke or intentionally inhale toxins.
Bronchospasm
Constriction of the bronchus
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Anything that gets in the way of ventilation/respiration
Common cold
Viral infection of respiratory tract, often diagnosed as an upper respiratory infection (URI)
Croup
Viral infection of the larynx/vocal chords. Usu in young children below 5. Has a characteristic barking cough. Constriction of vocal cords which can cause airway constriction. Treated with steroids/ anti-inflam.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Genetic condition where your body overproduces mucus everywhere…tx include shaky vest
Emphysema
1 type of COPD… Alveolar walls develop scar tissue. Due to smoking or inhalation of toxic fumes. Same as cancer.
Empyema
Pus in the pleural cavity/lung region which indicates infection.
Hay fever
Allergies
Influenza
Med term for the flu, caused by a virus
Influenza has multiple different strands
Pleural effusion
Fluid buildup in pleural space. Can cause atelectasis.
Pneumonia
Fluid in lungs due to illness/ aspiration; illness can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or chemical. Common in elderly population.
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Blockage of blood supply to lung by blood clot. Usually happens post-op. Causes almost instant death. Cannot get blood to lung tissue. Symptoms: Oxygenation issues and cyanosis.
Sleep apnea
Condition in which you have short periods of apnea during the night/ in your sleep. Not enough oxygen supply for body to repair inself during sleep, which causes fatigue and irritability.Treatment is CPAP
Sputum
A collection of mucus coughed up from the lung. Usually sent to lab to investigate. AKA phlegm or loogie
Strep throat
Bacterial infection of the pharynx….. Caused by the streptococcus bacteria.
Tuberculosis
(TB) Bacteria that infects the lungs.
How does lung pressure work and how does it connect to atelectasis?
The pressure in your lungs is not the same as the pressure outside of your body. Atelectasis can be caused by a puncture causing
Upper respiratory
Larynx and anything above. Specialist: ENT (Ear Nose Throat)
Lower respiratory
Anything inferior to the larynx. Specialist: pulmonologist
Pneumothorax
Can be caused in car accident when ribs hit the wheel or when airbag hit ribs. Ribs fracture and puncture the lungs, causing them to collapse.
How does tuberculosis work?
Bacteria feeds off of and essentially melts lung. causes you to cough up substantial amount of blood. Fatal w/o intervention.
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
Tuberculosis spores:
When bacteria sense environment is becoming inhabitable due to antibiotics, it creates a cocoon around itself that completely protects it from antibiotics and makes it undetectable. pt does not have symptoms at this time, but they are still contagious.
What does a white area on the lung in a chest x-ray indicate?
Fluid build up/ pneumonia or lung cancer
Normal oxygen saturation percentage?
96%
