Urinary 3 Flashcards
what is the unit to describe total solute composite of a fluid
osmolarity
where does water move to
higher salt(osmolarity) because salt draws it in
what is the osmolarity of blood
300 mOsm
when the filtrate leaves PCT what is its osmolarity
300 mOsm
what is dilute urine
urine that is less than 300 mOsm
saves salt and gets rid of water
what is concentrated urine
urine that is greater than 300 mOsm
removes salt and saves water
what happens when dehydrated
urine is concentrated
what changes depending on hydration levels
urine concentration(dilute or concentrated)
what reaches deep into the medulla ]
juxtamedullary nephrons
how frequently do juxtamedullary nephrons occur
1 in 6 of loops are this kind
what allows the loop of henle to have absoprtion gradients
increased osmolarity of the kidney’s medulla
what helps increase medullary osmolarity
urea reabsorption in the DCT
descending limb of loop of henle
permeable to water
impermeable to NaCl
why does water move
in an attempt to equalize both sides(wants to reach equilibrium)
what is baseline
300
what is the most concentrated
1200
ascending limb of loop of henle
impermeable to water
permeable to NaCl
what is used to get salt out
diffusion and active transport
what is energy used for
to make urine dilute
what is produced without modification of the filtrate after the loop of henle
dilute urine
what are the hormones that adjust the urine concentration
no hormone, anti-diuretic hormone, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide
describe how no hormone affects the urine concentration
dilute hormone
collecting duct is impermeable(NOT) to water
describe how the anti-diuretic hormone affects the urine concentration
concentrated urine
collecting duct is permeable to water
water is removed from filtrate and returned to blood
describe how aldosterone affects the urine concentration
sodium saver- low Na urine
turns ON Na pumps in DCT
steroid hormone but is fastest acting one(takes about an hour)
would aldosterone be common in Americans
not common in Americans(due to their high sodium diets)
what is concentrated urine produced by
ADH which allows water reabsorption
what is the last chance to modify urine based on hydration status
collecting duct
what is Na poor urine produced by
aldosterone
what is Na rich urine produced by and what does it inhibit
atrial natriuretic peptide and it inhibits Na reabsorption
describe how atrial natriuretic peptide affects the urine concentration
high Na urine
Na excretor
turns OFF Na pump in DCT
what two hormone often get released at the same time
ADH and ANP
