Urinary 3

Question 1

what is the unit to describe total solute composite of a fluid

Answer 1

osmolarity

Question 2

where does water move to

Answer 2

higher salt(osmolarity) because salt draws it in

Question 3

what is the osmolarity of blood

Answer 3

300 mOsm

Question 4

when the filtrate leaves PCT what is its osmolarity

Answer 4

300 mOsm

Question 5

what is dilute urine

Answer 5

urine that is less than 300 mOsm

saves salt and gets rid of water

Question 6

what is concentrated urine

Answer 6

urine that is greater than 300 mOsm

removes salt and saves water

Question 7

what happens when dehydrated

Answer 7

urine is concentrated

Question 8

what changes depending on hydration levels

Answer 8

urine concentration(dilute or concentrated)

Question 9

what reaches deep into the medulla ]

Answer 9

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 10

how frequently do juxtamedullary nephrons occur

Answer 10

1 in 6 of loops are this kind

Question 11

what allows the loop of henle to have absoprtion gradients

Answer 11

increased osmolarity of the kidney’s medulla

Question 12

what helps increase medullary osmolarity

Answer 12

urea reabsorption in the DCT

Question 13

descending limb of loop of henle

Answer 13

permeable to water

impermeable to NaCl

Question 14

why does water move

Answer 14

in an attempt to equalize both sides(wants to reach equilibrium)

Question 15

what is baseline

Answer 15

300

Question 16

what is the most concentrated

Answer 16

1200

Question 17

ascending limb of loop of henle

Answer 17

impermeable to water

permeable to NaCl

Question 18

what is used to get salt out

Answer 18

diffusion and active transport

Question 19

what is energy used for

Answer 19

to make urine dilute

Question 20

what is produced without modification of the filtrate after the loop of henle

Answer 20

dilute urine

Question 21

what are the hormones that adjust the urine concentration

Answer 21

no hormone, anti-diuretic hormone, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 22

describe how no hormone affects the urine concentration

Answer 22

dilute hormone

collecting duct is impermeable(NOT) to water

Question 23

describe how the anti-diuretic hormone affects the urine concentration

Answer 23

concentrated urine
collecting duct is permeable to water
water is removed from filtrate and returned to blood

Question 24

describe how aldosterone affects the urine concentration

Answer 24

sodium saver- low Na urine
turns ON Na pumps in DCT
steroid hormone but is fastest acting one(takes about an hour)

Question 25

would aldosterone be common in Americans

Answer 25

not common in Americans(due to their high sodium diets)

Question 26

what is concentrated urine produced by

Answer 26

ADH which allows water reabsorption

Question 27

what is the last chance to modify urine based on hydration status

Answer 27

collecting duct

Question 28

what is Na poor urine produced by

Answer 28

aldosterone

Question 29

what is Na rich urine produced by and what does it inhibit

Answer 29

atrial natriuretic peptide and it inhibits Na reabsorption

Question 30

describe how atrial natriuretic peptide affects the urine concentration

Answer 30

high Na urine
Na excretor
turns OFF Na pump in DCT

Question 31

what two hormone often get released at the same time

Answer 31

ADH and ANP