Blood Vessels 2 Flashcards
What are vasoconstriction and vasodialation
Shunting of blood
What is short term control of BP regulated by
ANS and hormones
What must the body maintain
Blood flow
What is blood flow
Change in pressure/resistance
Where does all BP come from
The heart
What is the immediate BP regulation
Occurs in seconds- nervous
What is the short term BP regulation
Occurs in minutes-endocrine(amino acid based)
What is the long term regulation of BP
Occurs in hours or days-endocrine(steroids)
What is the goal of sympathetic regulation of BP
Get more blood downstream
What occurs during sympathetic BP regulation
Vasoconstriction: smooth muscle contracts, diameter decreases to push blood to body tissues
Heart rate increases
Where are elastic arteries found
Close to the heart
What does vasoconstriction in elastic arteries maintain
The same diameter to push blood downstream
What occurs during parasympathetic regulation of BP
Heart rate decreases
Vasodialate: less blood coming in, bigger diameter to maintain flow
What amino acid based hormones help short term BP with vasoconstriction
Epinephrine, endothelin made by endothelium, angiotensin 2 in kidney section
What amino acid based hormones help short term BP vasodialate
Nitric oxide and histamine
What is the function of long term regulation of BP
Adjusting blood volume in the body(renal)
What happens during long term regulation of BP
Blood pressure increases by increasing blood volume by increasing body H2O volume
Why are arteries full of blood all the time
To maintain flow
How does the amount of water correspond to BP
Lower water level=lower BP
higher water level=higher BP
Long term medications to decrease BP
Diuretics(urinate more)
Is low BP usually good
Yes as long as not passing out
What retains body water
Sodium(osmosis)
What is a medical emergency classified by a major decrease in blood pressure and flow
Circulatory shock
What happens during circulatory shock
Blood level no longer fills up the vessel
Reduced volume of blood in the body
Not enough blood to adequately fill vessel and maintain BP
Hypovolemic
What causes hypovolemic shock
Massive blood loss
Massive systemic vasodialation
Vessels change size
Amount of blood can no longer fill up larger sized vessel
Vascular shock
What is an example of vascular shock
Severe allergic reaction(not localized and becomes systemic)
What is the anecdote to a severe allergic reaction(histamine)
Epinephrine
This is classified as high blood pressure and occurs in response to increased resistance in the circulatory system
Hypertension
What happens due to hypertension
Heart has to beat harder
What is high blood pressure
140/90
What is normal blood pressure
120/80
What can cause hypertension
Atherosclerosis, chronic stress, smoking(increases platelet stickiness),increased hematocrit (increases viscosity)
