Respiratory:Anatomy Flashcards
what is the process of respiration
1)pulmonary ventilation 2)external respiration 3)transport to tissues 4)internal respiration
what process is used for respiration
diffusion
why is diffusion the process for respiration
it is an energy free process
what happens during the second stage of respiration
external respiration- gas exchange
does not absorb nitrogen(not in the blood)
goes to lungs(gets O2 in blood and CO2 out)
what happens during the fourth stage of respiration
internal respiration-gas exchange
goes to tissues(O2 goes into the cells and CO2 goes out of blood)
what is the purpose of the meatus
to cause disturbance to airflow and cause turbulence
what is the purpose of the palates
mucus sits on top of it and catches bacteria
how many tonsils are there
two
where are the tonsils positioned
where air is coming in the body
what blocks the esophagus
the epiglottis
why is breathing through the mouth less efficient?
It loses the purification of air
what is the order of air flow
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
what type of tissue are the tonsils
lymphoid tissue
what are the two tonsils
pharyngeal and palatine
what is the function of the tonsils
track and monitor for potential infection, starts immune response
what is the function of the bronchial system
filer, warm, and humidify the inhaled air
what is the arrangement of the bronchiole tree
primary branches, secondary branches, tertiary branches
what happens to the air as it goes down the bronchiole tree
the air gets split up into particles(thinner than paper) so that diffusion is effective
where do the air sacs start in the bronchioles
alveoli
what are the changes during the bronchiole tree
1) less and less cartilage as move further down tree
2) thinner epithelia
3) columnar progressively becomes squamous as move down tree
4) smooth muscle increases
what is the transition zone from the conducting zone structures to respiratory zone structures
bronchiole tree
what zone has no alveoli
conducting zone
what zone has alveoli
respiratory zone
plural contain simple (type one) epithelial and surfactant (type two) cells
alveoli
singular of alveoli
alveolus
covered with alveoli(bunch of grapes)
works as a functional unit in smooth muscle and capillaries
alveolar ducts
why is air partially inflated in all alveolus
to allow for diffusion
what makes it easier to inflate lungs
surfactant cells
type two cells function/purpose
surfactant cells- break up H2O attraction/cohesion and minimizes surface tension on alveolus
what is the diffusion rate increased by
surface area(Oxygen is able to be spread out)
what is the diffusion rate decreased by and example
thickness(ie/squamus(thinner membrane) is easier to diffuse through)
how large would the alveolar surface area be if spread out
tennis court
what are surfactants
type of solution
break up surface tension
easier for lungs to inflate
what pulls the oxygen together and creates force pushing on the air sac(collapsing in)
water cohesion
when is surfactant given at hospitals
in the NICU because premies don’t have surfactant(gets sprayed down their lungs)
what do macrophages do
catch bacteria that upper respiratory missed, to avoid infection
what is intimately related to with the lungs
heart
what has similar branching pattern as bronchioles
pulmonary trunk(breaks down into smaller and smaller vessels for diffusion)
