Respiratory:Anatomy

Question 1

what is the process of respiration

Answer 1

1)pulmonary ventilation 2)external respiration 3)transport to tissues 4)internal respiration

Question 2

what process is used for respiration

Answer 2

diffusion

Question 3

why is diffusion the process for respiration

Answer 3

it is an energy free process

Question 4

what happens during the second stage of respiration

Answer 4

external respiration- gas exchange
does not absorb nitrogen(not in the blood)
goes to lungs(gets O2 in blood and CO2 out)

Question 5

what happens during the fourth stage of respiration

Answer 5

internal respiration-gas exchange

goes to tissues(O2 goes into the cells and CO2 goes out of blood)

Question 6

what is the purpose of the meatus

Answer 6

to cause disturbance to airflow and cause turbulence

Question 7

what is the purpose of the palates

Answer 7

mucus sits on top of it and catches bacteria

Question 8

how many tonsils are there

Answer 8

two

Question 9

where are the tonsils positioned

Answer 9

where air is coming in the body

Question 10

what blocks the esophagus

Answer 10

the epiglottis

Question 11

why is breathing through the mouth less efficient?

Answer 11

It loses the purification of air

Question 12

what is the order of air flow

Answer 12

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 13

what type of tissue are the tonsils

Answer 13

lymphoid tissue

Question 14

what are the two tonsils

Answer 14

pharyngeal and palatine

Question 15

what is the function of the tonsils

Answer 15

track and monitor for potential infection, starts immune response

Question 16

what is the function of the bronchial system

Answer 16

filer, warm, and humidify the inhaled air

Question 17

what is the arrangement of the bronchiole tree

Answer 17

primary branches, secondary branches, tertiary branches

Question 18

what happens to the air as it goes down the bronchiole tree

Answer 18

the air gets split up into particles(thinner than paper) so that diffusion is effective

Question 19

where do the air sacs start in the bronchioles

Answer 19

alveoli

Question 20

what are the changes during the bronchiole tree

Answer 20

1) less and less cartilage as move further down tree
2) thinner epithelia
3) columnar progressively becomes squamous as move down tree
4) smooth muscle increases

Question 21

what is the transition zone from the conducting zone structures to respiratory zone structures

Answer 21

bronchiole tree

Question 22

what zone has no alveoli

Answer 22

conducting zone

Question 23

what zone has alveoli

Answer 23

respiratory zone

Question 24

plural
contain simple (type one) epithelial and surfactant (type two) cells

Answer 24

alveoli

Question 25

singular of alveoli

Answer 25

alveolus

Question 26

covered with alveoli(bunch of grapes) | works as a functional unit in smooth muscle and capillaries

Answer 26

alveolar ducts

Question 27

why is air partially inflated in all alveolus

Answer 27

to allow for diffusion

Question 28

what makes it easier to inflate lungs

Answer 28

surfactant cells

Question 29

type two cells function/purpose

Answer 29

surfactant cells- break up H2O attraction/cohesion and minimizes surface tension on alveolus

Question 30

what is the diffusion rate increased by

Answer 30

surface area(Oxygen is able to be spread out)

Question 31

what is the diffusion rate decreased by and example

Answer 31

thickness(ie/squamus(thinner membrane) is easier to diffuse through)

Question 32

how large would the alveolar surface area be if spread out

Answer 32

tennis court

Question 33

what are surfactants

Answer 33

type of solution break up surface tension easier for lungs to inflate

Question 34

what pulls the oxygen together and creates force pushing on the air sac(collapsing in)

Answer 34

water cohesion

Question 35

when is surfactant given at hospitals

Answer 35

in the NICU because premies don't have surfactant(gets sprayed down their lungs)

Question 36

what do macrophages do

Answer 36

catch bacteria that upper respiratory missed, to avoid infection

Question 37

what is intimately related to with the lungs

Answer 37

heart

Question 38

what has similar branching pattern as bronchioles

Answer 38

pulmonary trunk(breaks down into smaller and smaller vessels for diffusion)