Respiratory: Mechanics Flashcards
where do fluids flow
down pressure gradients
what is atmospheric pressure set to
zero
what equalizes with atmosphere
intrapulmonary pressure
is there a physical barriers blocking air from pathways?
no, except mucus
what are the two inward forces on lungs
1)elasticity of lungs 2)surface tension of extracellular fluid
what is the elasticity of lungs inward
natural collapsing on lungs
what is quiet respiration
not exercising, no forcible breath, at rest, energy free breathing
what is the fluid filled layer that goes all the way around the lungs
pleural
what is the function of the pleural layer
keep lungs expanded out and attach to rib cage
what would happen if there was no pleural cavity
collapsed lung(nothing holding lung and rib cage together)
what is very painful and involves an abrasion in the pleural cavity
pleuralcy
what is another function of the pleural layer
allows lungs to slide freely with little tension(prevents abrasion and inflammation)
what is the outward force on the lungs
expansion to ribs via the pleural cavity
what is Boyle’s law of gases
volume changes lead to pressure changes, and gases always flow to the lowest pressure
what is another word for inhalation
inspiration
what is inspiration driven by
primarily diaphragm and secondarily by intercostal contraction
what causes 75% of volume change
diaphragm
what is the #1 breathing muscle
diaphragm
what is the anatomy of the diaphragm when it is relaxed
dome shaped, arched
what happens to volume and pressure during inspiration
volume increases and pressure decreases
what do the changes in volume and pressure during inspiration allow for
allows for air flow down to the air sacs to be equalized
what is the anatomy of the diaphragm when it contracts
flat, pulls lungs down
what is another name for exhaling
expiration
is expiration an energy free process?
yes
does expiration require any force?
no
what happens to volume and pressure during expiration
volume decreases and pressure increases
what happens to the diaphragm during expiration
diaphragm relaxes
what happens to the diaphragm during inspiration
diaphragm contracts
what do the pressure and volume changes in expiration allow for
allow the air to flow out of lungs
what happens to the intercostals during expiration
they get drawn in on the lungs as well(but no force)
what draws in lungs during expiration and pushes air out until pressure is equalized(at 0)
elasticity and surface tension
what describes the amount of air in the lungs and can be diagnostic of diseases
respiratory volumes
what is the amount left in lungs after a complete exhale(as empty as possible)
residual volume
what is the quantity of residual volume
about 1200 ml
what would happen without residual volume
lungs would collapse
what is the amount of volume between residual and tidal(necessary for exercise and extra demand)
expiratory reserve volume
what is the quantity of expiratory reserve volume
about 1200 ml
what is the standard relaxed breathing level
about half full, 500 ml
describe tidal volume
quiet breathing, air comes in and out same entry way(like waves), both goes in and out of nasal and oral cavities
what allows for greater potential lung capacity when needed
inspiratory reserve volume
what is the quantity of insipiratory reserve volume
about 3100 ml
what is the amount of total air the lungs can move
vital capacity
what is the quantity of vital capacity
about 4,800 ml
what are the parts of the respiratory zone that are in the conducting zone
dead space
what is the quantity of the dead space
150 ml
what type of breathing do fish and birds not have
tidal breathing(more effective)
what is the dead space composed of
volume of the trachea and bronchi(no air sacs)
what is “catching your breath”
shallow short breaths
why are shallow short breaths not helpful
slow breaths allow air to reach alveoli(inflate more air sacs)
