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Anatomy 2 > Respiratory: Mechanics > Flashcards

Respiratory: Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

where do fluids flow

A

down pressure gradients

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2
Q

what is atmospheric pressure set to

A

zero

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3
Q

what equalizes with atmosphere

A

intrapulmonary pressure

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4
Q

is there a physical barriers blocking air from pathways?

A

no, except mucus

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5
Q

what are the two inward forces on lungs

A

1)elasticity of lungs 2)surface tension of extracellular fluid

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6
Q

what is the elasticity of lungs inward

A

natural collapsing on lungs

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7
Q

what is quiet respiration

A

not exercising, no forcible breath, at rest, energy free breathing

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8
Q

what is the fluid filled layer that goes all the way around the lungs

A

pleural

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9
Q

what is the function of the pleural layer

A

keep lungs expanded out and attach to rib cage

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10
Q

what would happen if there was no pleural cavity

A

collapsed lung(nothing holding lung and rib cage together)

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11
Q

what is very painful and involves an abrasion in the pleural cavity

A

pleuralcy

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12
Q

what is another function of the pleural layer

A

allows lungs to slide freely with little tension(prevents abrasion and inflammation)

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13
Q

what is the outward force on the lungs

A

expansion to ribs via the pleural cavity

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14
Q

what is Boyle’s law of gases

A

volume changes lead to pressure changes, and gases always flow to the lowest pressure

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15
Q

what is another word for inhalation

A

inspiration

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16
Q

what is inspiration driven by

A

primarily diaphragm and secondarily by intercostal contraction

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17
Q

what causes 75% of volume change

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

what is the #1 breathing muscle

A

diaphragm

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19
Q

what is the anatomy of the diaphragm when it is relaxed

A

dome shaped, arched

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20
Q

what happens to volume and pressure during inspiration

A

volume increases and pressure decreases

21
Q

what do the changes in volume and pressure during inspiration allow for

A

allows for air flow down to the air sacs to be equalized

22
Q

what is the anatomy of the diaphragm when it contracts

A

flat, pulls lungs down

23
Q

what is another name for exhaling

A

expiration

24
Q

is expiration an energy free process?

A

yes

25
Q

does expiration require any force?

A

no

26
Q

what happens to volume and pressure during expiration

A

volume decreases and pressure increases

27
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes

28
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

A

diaphragm contracts

29
Q

what do the pressure and volume changes in expiration allow for

A

allow the air to flow out of lungs

30
Q

what happens to the intercostals during expiration

A

they get drawn in on the lungs as well(but no force)

31
Q

what draws in lungs during expiration and pushes air out until pressure is equalized(at 0)

A

elasticity and surface tension

32
Q

what describes the amount of air in the lungs and can be diagnostic of diseases

A

respiratory volumes

33
Q

what is the amount left in lungs after a complete exhale(as empty as possible)

A

residual volume

34
Q

what is the quantity of residual volume

A

about 1200 ml

35
Q

what would happen without residual volume

A

lungs would collapse

36
Q

what is the amount of volume between residual and tidal(necessary for exercise and extra demand)

A

expiratory reserve volume

37
Q

what is the quantity of expiratory reserve volume

A

about 1200 ml

38
Q

what is the standard relaxed breathing level

A

about half full, 500 ml

39
Q

describe tidal volume

A

quiet breathing, air comes in and out same entry way(like waves), both goes in and out of nasal and oral cavities

40
Q

what allows for greater potential lung capacity when needed

A

inspiratory reserve volume

41
Q

what is the quantity of insipiratory reserve volume

A

about 3100 ml

42
Q

what is the amount of total air the lungs can move

A

vital capacity

43
Q

what is the quantity of vital capacity

A

about 4,800 ml

44
Q

what are the parts of the respiratory zone that are in the conducting zone

A

dead space

45
Q

what is the quantity of the dead space

A

150 ml

46
Q

what type of breathing do fish and birds not have

A

tidal breathing(more effective)

47
Q

what is the dead space composed of

A

volume of the trachea and bronchi(no air sacs)

48
Q

what is “catching your breath”

A

shallow short breaths

49
Q

why are shallow short breaths not helpful

A

slow breaths allow air to reach alveoli(inflate more air sacs)

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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