Urinary 1 Flashcards
that do the kidneys do
regulate the volume and chemical makeup of the blood
what organs does the urinary system consist of
kidneys, ureter, bladder
when sleeping how much of blood flow goes to kidneys
1/4
where are the kidneys located
posterior lumbar region
how do the kidneys process the blood
clean up blood(get toxins out) and regulate volume
how do the kidneys regulate volume
osmoregulation (control salt levels in the body)
where would a kidney punch hit
just below the ribcage
what is the adipose capsule
the layer of fat to protect where there is no rib cage
how are the kidneys organized
superficial to deep
outer margin of kidney
cortex
what occurs at the medullar pyramids
7 or 8 of them, blood goes out all the way to periphery medulla then blood becomes urine or drops off oxygen in blood
this takes deoxygenated blood out
renal vein
collection of multiple medullary pyramids
major calyx
drains one medullary pyramid
minor calyx
functional unit of the kidney
nephron
what is filtration
when plasma leaks out of glomerulus due to build up of pressure; makes filtrate and is the first step in leading to urination
filtration to start process of urination
glomerulus
how big are the slits on the glomerulus
5 nm which is too small for cells to get through
what is bowman’s capsule
accepts filtrate takes down renal tubule to potentially become urine
what is the proximal convoluted tubule
(close to/attached) in between bowmans capsule and the loop of henle
what is the loop of henle
renal loop where filtrate is being processed and changed(in between PCT and DCT)
has a descending/ascending limb
what is the distal convoluted tubule
right after the loop of henle, once it passes through the collecting duct after the DCT it is now urine
how much filtrate becomes urine
only 1%
what is the renal tube
capsule to collective duct
this is where filtration occurs
glomerulus
set of tissues right next to glomerulus
juxtaglomerular apparatus
what happens to fluid in the glomerulus
it either leaks out into bowman’s capsule or continues to efferent arteriole
what occurs in the afferent arteriole
vasodialation and vasoconstriction
what happens in the urinary system during vasodialation
filtration increases(more blood and pressure) parasympathetic
what happens in the urinary system during vasoconstriction
filtration decreases(less blood and pressure in glomerulus which means less leakage in glomerulus) sympathetic
what monitors how much filtration is occuring
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
what does DDD system refer to
digestive, defecation, diuresis
what re the juxtaglomerular cells (JG)
stretch receptors, measure how stretched out afferent arteriole is which shows the amount of blood
what happens when there is little stretch of afferent arteriole
pressure decreases which induces thirst
body’s attempt to retain water
releases renin
what are macula densa cells of DG
detect NaCl in filtrate
if NaCl is high then vasoconstricts afferent arteriole
describe the anatomy of the gomerulus
it is perforated(fenstrations) and convered by podocytes of the bowman’s capsule
what occurs during osmosis
water diffuses through a membrane to dilute solutes to equilibrium
can water and salt get through membrane
salts cannot, water can
what is water drawn to
higher salt concentrations
what are the three functions of the urinary system
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
what are the two dominant functions of purification and osmo-regulation
filtration and reabsorption
this occurs from the glomerulus to the renal tube/
the higher it is, the more the urine rate increases
filtration
this occurs from the renal tubule to peritubular capsule?
taking into blood and into body/
saved from urination
reabsorption
this occurs from the peritubular cap to the renal tubule
secretion
what is not filtered
RBCs, WBCs, platelets, albumin
what is filtered(plasma-proteins)
[unselected, anything small] sugar, nitrogen, wastes(urea), ketones, salts, drugs, amino acids, vitamins
