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Anatomy 2 > Urinary 1 > Flashcards

Urinary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

that do the kidneys do

A

regulate the volume and chemical makeup of the blood

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2
Q

what organs does the urinary system consist of

A

kidneys, ureter, bladder

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3
Q

when sleeping how much of blood flow goes to kidneys

A

1/4

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4
Q

where are the kidneys located

A

posterior lumbar region

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5
Q

how do the kidneys process the blood

A

clean up blood(get toxins out) and regulate volume

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6
Q

how do the kidneys regulate volume

A

osmoregulation (control salt levels in the body)

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7
Q

where would a kidney punch hit

A

just below the ribcage

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8
Q

what is the adipose capsule

A

the layer of fat to protect where there is no rib cage

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9
Q

how are the kidneys organized

A

superficial to deep

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10
Q

outer margin of kidney

A

cortex

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11
Q

what occurs at the medullar pyramids

A

7 or 8 of them, blood goes out all the way to periphery medulla then blood becomes urine or drops off oxygen in blood

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12
Q

this takes deoxygenated blood out

A

renal vein

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13
Q

collection of multiple medullary pyramids

A

major calyx

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14
Q

drains one medullary pyramid

A

minor calyx

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15
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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16
Q

what is filtration

A

when plasma leaks out of glomerulus due to build up of pressure; makes filtrate and is the first step in leading to urination

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17
Q

filtration to start process of urination

A

glomerulus

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18
Q

how big are the slits on the glomerulus

A

5 nm which is too small for cells to get through

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19
Q

what is bowman’s capsule

A

accepts filtrate takes down renal tubule to potentially become urine

20
Q

what is the proximal convoluted tubule

A

(close to/attached) in between bowmans capsule and the loop of henle

21
Q

what is the loop of henle

A

renal loop where filtrate is being processed and changed(in between PCT and DCT)
has a descending/ascending limb

22
Q

what is the distal convoluted tubule

A

right after the loop of henle, once it passes through the collecting duct after the DCT it is now urine

23
Q

how much filtrate becomes urine

A

only 1%

24
Q

what is the renal tube

A

capsule to collective duct

25
Q

this is where filtration occurs

A

glomerulus

26
Q

set of tissues right next to glomerulus

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

27
Q

what happens to fluid in the glomerulus

A

it either leaks out into bowman’s capsule or continues to efferent arteriole

28
Q

what occurs in the afferent arteriole

A

vasodialation and vasoconstriction

29
Q

what happens in the urinary system during vasodialation

A 
filtration increases(more blood and pressure)
parasympathetic
30
Q

what happens in the urinary system during vasoconstriction

A 
filtration decreases(less blood and pressure in glomerulus which means less leakage in glomerulus)
sympathetic
31
Q

what monitors how much filtration is occuring

A

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

32
Q

what does DDD system refer to

A

digestive, defecation, diuresis

33
Q

what re the juxtaglomerular cells (JG)

A

stretch receptors, measure how stretched out afferent arteriole is which shows the amount of blood

34
Q

what happens when there is little stretch of afferent arteriole

A

pressure decreases which induces thirst
body’s attempt to retain water
releases renin

35
Q

what are macula densa cells of DG

A

detect NaCl in filtrate

if NaCl is high then vasoconstricts afferent arteriole

36
Q

describe the anatomy of the gomerulus

A

it is perforated(fenstrations) and convered by podocytes of the bowman’s capsule

37
Q

what occurs during osmosis

A

water diffuses through a membrane to dilute solutes to equilibrium

38
Q

can water and salt get through membrane

A

salts cannot, water can

39
Q

what is water drawn to

A

higher salt concentrations

40
Q

what are the three functions of the urinary system

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

41
Q

what are the two dominant functions of purification and osmo-regulation

A

filtration and reabsorption

42
Q

this occurs from the glomerulus to the renal tube/

the higher it is, the more the urine rate increases

A

filtration

43
Q

this occurs from the renal tubule to peritubular capsule?
taking into blood and into body/
saved from urination

A

reabsorption

44
Q

this occurs from the peritubular cap to the renal tubule

A

secretion

45
Q

what is not filtered

A

RBCs, WBCs, platelets, albumin

46
Q

what is filtered(plasma-proteins)

A

[unselected, anything small] sugar, nitrogen, wastes(urea), ketones, salts, drugs, amino acids, vitamins

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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