Urinary 1

Question 1

that do the kidneys do

Answer 1

regulate the volume and chemical makeup of the blood

Question 2

what organs does the urinary system consist of

Answer 2

kidneys, ureter, bladder

Question 3

when sleeping how much of blood flow goes to kidneys

Answer 3

1/4

Question 4

where are the kidneys located

Answer 4

posterior lumbar region

Question 5

how do the kidneys process the blood

Answer 5

clean up blood(get toxins out) and regulate volume

Question 6

how do the kidneys regulate volume

Answer 6

osmoregulation (control salt levels in the body)

Question 7

where would a kidney punch hit

Answer 7

just below the ribcage

Question 8

what is the adipose capsule

Answer 8

the layer of fat to protect where there is no rib cage

Question 9

how are the kidneys organized

Answer 9

superficial to deep

Question 10

outer margin of kidney

Answer 10

cortex

Question 11

what occurs at the medullar pyramids

Answer 11

7 or 8 of them, blood goes out all the way to periphery medulla then blood becomes urine or drops off oxygen in blood

Question 12

this takes deoxygenated blood out

Answer 12

renal vein

Question 13

collection of multiple medullary pyramids

Answer 13

major calyx

Question 14

drains one medullary pyramid

Answer 14

minor calyx

Question 15

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 15

nephron

Question 16

what is filtration

Answer 16

when plasma leaks out of glomerulus due to build up of pressure; makes filtrate and is the first step in leading to urination

Question 17

filtration to start process of urination

Answer 17

glomerulus

Question 18

how big are the slits on the glomerulus

Answer 18

5 nm which is too small for cells to get through

Question 19

what is bowman’s capsule

Answer 19

accepts filtrate takes down renal tubule to potentially become urine

Question 20

what is the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 20

(close to/attached) in between bowmans capsule and the loop of henle

Question 21

what is the loop of henle

Answer 21

renal loop where filtrate is being processed and changed(in between PCT and DCT)
has a descending/ascending limb

Question 22

what is the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 22

right after the loop of henle, once it passes through the collecting duct after the DCT it is now urine

Question 23

how much filtrate becomes urine

Answer 23

only 1%

Question 24

what is the renal tube

Answer 24

capsule to collective duct

Question 25

this is where filtration occurs

Answer 25

glomerulus

Question 26

set of tissues right next to glomerulus

Answer 26

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 27

what happens to fluid in the glomerulus

Answer 27

it either leaks out into bowman's capsule or continues to efferent arteriole

Question 28

what occurs in the afferent arteriole

Answer 28

vasodialation and vasoconstriction

Question 29

what happens in the urinary system during vasodialation

Answer 29

``` filtration increases(more blood and pressure) parasympathetic ```

Question 30

what happens in the urinary system during vasoconstriction

Answer 30

``` filtration decreases(less blood and pressure in glomerulus which means less leakage in glomerulus) sympathetic ```

Question 31

what monitors how much filtration is occuring

Answer 31

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 32

what does DDD system refer to

Answer 32

digestive, defecation, diuresis

Question 33

what re the juxtaglomerular cells (JG)

Answer 33

stretch receptors, measure how stretched out afferent arteriole is which shows the amount of blood

Question 34

what happens when there is little stretch of afferent arteriole

Answer 34

pressure decreases which induces thirst body's attempt to retain water releases renin

Question 35

what are macula densa cells of DG

Answer 35

detect NaCl in filtrate | if NaCl is high then vasoconstricts afferent arteriole

Question 36

describe the anatomy of the gomerulus

Answer 36

it is perforated(fenstrations) and convered by podocytes of the bowman's capsule

Question 37

what occurs during osmosis

Answer 37

water diffuses through a membrane to dilute solutes to equilibrium

Question 38

can water and salt get through membrane

Answer 38

salts cannot, water can

Question 39

what is water drawn to

Answer 39

higher salt concentrations

Question 40

what are the three functions of the urinary system

Answer 40

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Question 41

what are the two dominant functions of purification and osmo-regulation

Answer 41

filtration and reabsorption

Question 42

this occurs from the glomerulus to the renal tube/ | the higher it is, the more the urine rate increases

Answer 42

filtration

Question 43

this occurs from the renal tubule to peritubular capsule? taking into blood and into body/ saved from urination

Answer 43

reabsorption

Question 44

this occurs from the peritubular cap to the renal tubule

Answer 44

secretion

Question 45

what is not filtered

Answer 45

RBCs, WBCs, platelets, albumin

Question 46

what is filtered(plasma-proteins)

Answer 46

[unselected, anything small] sugar, nitrogen, wastes(urea), ketones, salts, drugs, amino acids, vitamins