Respiratory:Physiology

Question 1

what is the regulation of respiration

Answer 1

neural

Question 2

what is affected by local chemical (especially CO2)

Answer 2

respiration

Question 3

what are the broad steps of breathing control

Answer 3

1)accumulation of CO2 cues breathing 2)info sent to dorsal respiratory group 3)ventral respiratory group 4)pons smooths signals to breath

Question 4

explain the first step of breathing control

Answer 4

CO2 levels are measured in the aorta, signal then sent to hindbrain where, if too much CO2, signals breathing

Question 5

explain the second step of breathing control

Answer 5

info sent to DRG(region of hindbrain in medulla oblongata) which puts all the CO2 info together

Question 6

explain the third step of breathing control

Answer 6

ventral respiratory group sets rhythm of breathing once it gets info from DRG

Question 7

explain the fourth step of breathing control

Answer 7

pons makes breathing smooth and send to the primary breathing muscle(diaphragm) and secondary breathing muscle(intercostals)

Question 8

each gas in a mixture exerts _______ in proportion to its _______ in the mixture

Answer 8

pressure; percent

Question 9

gases diffuse from ___ to ____

Answer 9

liquid; air

Question 10

what atmospheric gas does not get into the blood because it is not soluable

Answer 10

nitrogen

Question 11

gas exchange is by diffusion according to

Answer 11

partial pressure gradient

Question 12

(true or false) majority of cells in blood are not sucking up blood

Answer 12

true, most are RBC which are already made up of O2 and anaerobic

Question 13

gases move down

Answer 13

concentration gradients

Question 14

what in RBCs carry O2

Answer 14

hemoglobin

Question 15

what is oxyhemoglobin

Answer 15

four oxygens (HbO2)

Question 16

what is deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 16

three or fewer oxygens (HHb)

Question 17

what carries O2 to the tissues

Answer 17

hemoglobin

Question 18

at 100mm O2 how many irons would be bonded by O2

Answer 18

all of them

Question 19

at 40mm O2 how many irons would be bonded by O2

Answer 19

75%

Question 20

about how long would it take to deplete O2 storage

Answer 20

about three minutes

Question 21

binding tightness

Answer 21

affinity

Question 22

what must adjust affinity for oxygen(depending on whether in lungs or tissues)

Answer 22

hemoglobin

Question 23

what acts like a shuttle bus for oxygen

Answer 23

hemoglobin

Question 24

what is affected by several environmental factors, all of which facilitate unloading at the tissues

Answer 24

oxygen affinity(hemoglobin)

Question 25

what are the unloading/lower affinity factors

Answer 25

increase in Pco2, increase in hydrogen(decrease in pH more acidic), and increase in temperature

Question 26

what do the RBCs do in the tissues

Answer 26

release O2 and pick up CO2

Question 27

what are loaded with saturated oxygen

Answer 27

RBCs

Question 28

what takes any free hemoglobin and turns it into deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 28

hydrogen

Question 29

what pulls reaction to the right and makes hemoglobin let go of oxygen

Answer 29

hydrogen

Question 30

what do RBCs do in the lungs

Answer 30

pick up O2 and release CO2