Blood Vessels

Question 1

how many layers do blood vessels have

Answer 1

three

Question 2

why do vessels have three layers

Answer 2

flow, size control, and reinforcement

Question 3

these bring blood away from the heart

Answer 3

arteries

Question 4

how many layers of elastic tissue do arteries have

Answer 4

two layers(tunica interna and tunica media)

Question 5

what type of flow is in arteries

Answer 5

pulsitile and pressurized

Question 6

smooth flow layer of arteries

Answer 6

tunica interna (internal)

Question 7

smooth muscle layer of arteries

Answer 7

tunica media (middle)

Question 8

connective tissue layer of arteries, protective covering

Answer 8

tunica externa

Question 9

what causes blood pressure problems in the arteries

Answer 9

loss of elasticity, inability to stretch and recoil, occurs with age

Question 10

what helps pressurize the flow in arteries

Answer 10

smooth muscle in turnica media

Question 11

these return blood to the heart

Answer 11

veins

Question 12

these are less complex than arteries

Answer 12

veins

Question 13

have a relatively low pressure

Answer 13

veins

Question 14

how do the layers of the veins differ from the layers of arteries

Answer 14

the layers in the veins have no elastic tissue and less smooth muscle

Question 15

is the lumen bigger in the veins or arteries

Answer 15

veins

Question 16

what keeps the blood flow one directional

Answer 16

valves

Question 17

why do the veins need valves

Answer 17

due to the low pressure

Question 18

what are the smallest blood vessels

Answer 18

capillaries

Question 19

these have an endothelial layer, single cell layer and are not thick

Answer 19

capillaries

Question 20

this is the reduction in diameter of vessels by contraction of smooth muscle

Answer 20

vasoconstriction

Question 21

what creates resistance and slows down the flow

Answer 21

branches(arterioles)

Question 22

why are the arterioles important in relation to the capillaries

Answer 22

they slow the flow and decrease the pressure which prevents the capillaries from bursting and allows more time for gas exchange

Question 23

what puts the “brakes” on flow

Answer 23

arterioles

Question 24

why does blood pressure exist

Answer 24

to create blood flow

Question 25

another word for veins

Answer 25

capacitant vessels

Question 26

this in veins allows for more blood capacity

Answer 26

big lumen

Question 27

each type of vessel has an _______ suited to its _______

Answer 27

anatomy; function

Question 28

capillary sphincters and metarterioles shunts control_____ __________

Answer 28

local microcirculation

Question 29

where do capillaries work together

Answer 29

capillary beds

Question 30

what do capillary beds have around them

Answer 30

sphincters

Question 31

amount of smooth muscle in capillaries

Answer 31

not very much

Question 32

when tissue is active, capillaries ______ and sphincters _______

Answer 32

relax; open

Question 33

what happens when sphincters open

Answer 33

blood flows through

Question 34

when tissue is at rest, sphincters ______

Answer 34

close

Question 35

because the pressure in veins is low, they rely on what

Answer 35

muscular pumps

Question 36

what has a valve system to prevent backflow

Answer 36

veins

Question 37

what contract and squeeze blood closer to the heart

Answer 37

muscular pumps

Question 38

what moves in a similar way to muscular pumps

Answer 38

lymph fluid

Question 39

when does lymph fluid not drain

Answer 39

in elderly people, if they sit around a lot

Question 40

what is the goal of the circulatory system

Answer 40

blood flow (ml/min)

Question 41

what is the formula for blood flow

Answer 41

change in pressure(from pt A- pt B)/ resistance

Question 42

how do fluids flow

Answer 42

down the pressure gradient(from high to low)

Question 43

what is it called when it is difficult for blood to flow

Answer 43

resistance to flow

Question 44

what are the three ways resistance to flow is caused

Answer 44

1)viscosity thickness 2)vessel length 3)vessel diameter(1/r4)

Question 45

what causes the vessel length to change and cause resistance

Answer 45

1) obesity 2)drag-blood cells bump off the side and slow down

Question 46

what is laminar flow

Answer 46

sweet spot of the artery where blood flow is best

Question 47

what causes the resistance in a vessel with a smaller diameter

Answer 47

smaller sweet spot

Question 48

how does blood pressure change as it goes through the circulatory system

Answer 48

it is constantly declining

Question 49

what is a normal blood pressure

Answer 49

120 systolic/80 diastolic

Question 50

what is a heart contraction

Answer 50

systolic

Question 51

what is heart relaxation

Answer 51

diastolic

Question 52

what changes during the heart cycle

Answer 52

pressure and volume

Question 53

during this the volume of the blood in the ventricle doesnt change, very fleeting, 100th of a second

Answer 53

isovolumetric contraction

Question 54

clogged arteries

Answer 54

atherosclerosis

Question 55

what causes atherosclerosis

Answer 55

age and fatty diet

Question 56

what happens during athersclerosis

Answer 56

the heart has to work harder past the resistance due to plaque

Question 57

what does plaque typically consist of

Answer 57

fats and a surrounding clot

Question 58

what is it called when RBC have to go around clot and subsequently get slowed down

Answer 58

turbulance

Question 59

how are clots formed

Answer 59

platelets bump into the fat and clot together(snowball effect)

Question 60

this is local widening of a vessel, it creates turbulence and potentially can break

Answer 60

aneurysm