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Anatomy 2 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

how many layers do blood vessels have

A

three

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2
Q

why do vessels have three layers

A

flow, size control, and reinforcement

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3
Q

these bring blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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4
Q

how many layers of elastic tissue do arteries have

A

two layers(tunica interna and tunica media)

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5
Q

what type of flow is in arteries

A

pulsitile and pressurized

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6
Q

smooth flow layer of arteries

A

tunica interna (internal)

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7
Q

smooth muscle layer of arteries

A

tunica media (middle)

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8
Q

connective tissue layer of arteries, protective covering

A

tunica externa

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9
Q

what causes blood pressure problems in the arteries

A

loss of elasticity, inability to stretch and recoil, occurs with age

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10
Q

what helps pressurize the flow in arteries

A

smooth muscle in turnica media

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11
Q

these return blood to the heart

A

veins

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12
Q

these are less complex than arteries

A

veins

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13
Q

have a relatively low pressure

A

veins

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14
Q

how do the layers of the veins differ from the layers of arteries

A

the layers in the veins have no elastic tissue and less smooth muscle

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15
Q

is the lumen bigger in the veins or arteries

A

veins

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16
Q

what keeps the blood flow one directional

A

valves

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17
Q

why do the veins need valves

A

due to the low pressure

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18
Q

what are the smallest blood vessels

A

capillaries

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19
Q

these have an endothelial layer, single cell layer and are not thick

A

capillaries

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20
Q

this is the reduction in diameter of vessels by contraction of smooth muscle

A

vasoconstriction

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21
Q

what creates resistance and slows down the flow

A

branches(arterioles)

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22
Q

why are the arterioles important in relation to the capillaries

A

they slow the flow and decrease the pressure which prevents the capillaries from bursting and allows more time for gas exchange

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23
Q

what puts the “brakes” on flow

A

arterioles

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24
Q

why does blood pressure exist

A

to create blood flow

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25
Q

another word for veins

A

capacitant vessels

26
Q

this in veins allows for more blood capacity

A

big lumen

27
Q

each type of vessel has an _______ suited to its _______

A

anatomy; function

28
Q

capillary sphincters and metarterioles shunts control_____ __________

A

local microcirculation

29
Q

where do capillaries work together

A

capillary beds

30
Q

what do capillary beds have around them

A

sphincters

31
Q

amount of smooth muscle in capillaries

A

not very much

32
Q

when tissue is active, capillaries ______ and sphincters _______

A

relax; open

33
Q

what happens when sphincters open

A

blood flows through

34
Q

when tissue is at rest, sphincters ______

A

close

35
Q

because the pressure in veins is low, they rely on what

A

muscular pumps

36
Q

what has a valve system to prevent backflow

A

veins

37
Q

what contract and squeeze blood closer to the heart

A

muscular pumps

38
Q

what moves in a similar way to muscular pumps

A

lymph fluid

39
Q

when does lymph fluid not drain

A

in elderly people, if they sit around a lot

40
Q

what is the goal of the circulatory system

A

blood flow (ml/min)

41
Q

what is the formula for blood flow

A

change in pressure(from pt A- pt B)/ resistance

42
Q

how do fluids flow

A

down the pressure gradient(from high to low)

43
Q

what is it called when it is difficult for blood to flow

A

resistance to flow

44
Q

what are the three ways resistance to flow is caused

A

1)viscosity thickness 2)vessel length 3)vessel diameter(1/r4)

45
Q

what causes the vessel length to change and cause resistance

A

1) obesity 2)drag-blood cells bump off the side and slow down

46
Q

what is laminar flow

A

sweet spot of the artery where blood flow is best

47
Q

what causes the resistance in a vessel with a smaller diameter

A

smaller sweet spot

48
Q

how does blood pressure change as it goes through the circulatory system

A

it is constantly declining

49
Q

what is a normal blood pressure

A

120 systolic/80 diastolic

50
Q

what is a heart contraction

A

systolic

51
Q

what is heart relaxation

A

diastolic

52
Q

what changes during the heart cycle

A

pressure and volume

53
Q

during this the volume of the blood in the ventricle doesnt change, very fleeting, 100th of a second

A

isovolumetric contraction

54
Q

clogged arteries

A

atherosclerosis

55
Q

what causes atherosclerosis

A

age and fatty diet

56
Q

what happens during athersclerosis

A

the heart has to work harder past the resistance due to plaque

57
Q

what does plaque typically consist of

A

fats and a surrounding clot

58
Q

what is it called when RBC have to go around clot and subsequently get slowed down

A

turbulance

59
Q

how are clots formed

A

platelets bump into the fat and clot together(snowball effect)

60
Q

this is local widening of a vessel, it creates turbulence and potentially can break

A

aneurysm

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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