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Anatomy 2 > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the reproductive system

A

produce gametes(offspring)

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2
Q

what does meiosis result in

A

4 1n gametes(daughter cells)

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3
Q

what does meiosis start with

A

2n mother cell

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4
Q

how big are female gametes and what does that mean

A

large cells, females have larger investment

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5
Q

how big are male gametes and what does that mean

A

very small, males have smaller investment

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6
Q

what occurs in the male testes

A

spermatogenesis

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7
Q

what is the process of production of sperm

A

lobule, seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epiddymis, body cavity

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8
Q

what does spermatogenesis result in

A

gametes with acromosme, nucleus, midpiece, and tail

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9
Q

what is the process of spermatogenesis

A

spermatogonia, meiosis 1, meiosis 2, spermatids, spermatid, spermatozoa

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10
Q

what does semen consist of

A

sperm plus glandular secretions

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11
Q

what is beneficial about the glandular secretions

A

they assist in reaching the female tract

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12
Q

what does the seminal vesicle secrete

A

alakline pH and fructose

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13
Q

what does prostate gland secrete

A

nutrients

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14
Q

what does bulbourethral gland secrete

A

mucus

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15
Q

what is the lifespan of sperm

A

72 hours

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16
Q

what is gamete production in females

A

oogenesis

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17
Q

when does the selection process start in females

A

puberty, but born with all potential oocytes

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18
Q

developing egg cells

A

oocytes

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19
Q

what occurs mostly in the ovary

A

oogenesis

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20
Q

what is the smooth muscle, majority of uterus

A

myometrium

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21
Q

sloughed off during menstration

A

endometrium

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22
Q

implantation occurs anywhere except uterus

A

eptopic pregnancy

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23
Q

oocyte and surrounding cells

A

follicles

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24
Q

what are the first stages of follicles and oocyte

A

primary oocyte and primary follicles

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25
Q

what are the second stages of follicles and oocytes(and when does it occur)

A

2nd oocyte and granulosa cells

occurs about seven days in

26
Q

what do granulosa cells do and what are they

A

they make estrogen and are the cells that surround and nurture the oocyte

27
Q

what is the third stage of follicles and oocytes and when does it occur

A

late secondary oocyte with pocket antrum and vesicular follicle (Graffian)
occurs about 10-14 days in

28
Q

what is the fourth state of follicle and oocyte and when does it occur

A

ovulate

occurs around 14 days

29
Q

what occurs 15-22 days in the female cycle

A

corpus luteum forms and degenerates

30
Q

what does corpus luteum secrete

A

progesterone

31
Q

what is sex hormone production regulated by

A

the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

32
Q

what is the broad scheme of reproduction hormones

A

hypothalamic, anterior pituitary, gonadal axis

33
Q

what controls the metabolic rate

A

thyroid

34
Q

what hormone does hypothalamic release

A

Gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)

35
Q

what hormone does anterior pituitary release

A

follicle stimulating and lutenizing hormones

36
Q

do the hormones do the same general things in males and females

A

yes

37
Q

what does GnRH signal

A

anterior pituitary

38
Q

what does FSH promote

A

gamete development

39
Q

what does LH stimulate

A

gonad to make sex steroids

40
Q

what type of hormones are GnRH and FSH and LH

A

amino acid based

41
Q

what does lutenizing hormone do in males

A

takes interstial cells and stimulates testosterone

42
Q

what slows down production of testosterone if high(prevents excessive production)
constant loop to keep at controlled level

A

negative feedback system

43
Q

where does the follicle SH go

A

sustentacular cell

44
Q

what activates spermatogenesis and is activated by FSH

A

androgen binding protein

45
Q

what does andro mean

A

male

46
Q

what part of the follicle produces estrogen

A

granulosa cells

47
Q

what does the uterine cycle prepare for

A

implantation of an embryo

48
Q

what occurs on day one of uterine cycle

A

menstrual flow begin, endometrium sloughs off

49
Q

describe the menstralphase

A

days 1-5

functional layer is sloughed off

50
Q

describe the proliferative phase

A

days 6-13

making endometrium

51
Q

describe the secretory phase

A

days 15-28

prepare the endometrium to be sloughed off

52
Q

what are the six stages of the ovarian cycle

A

1)primary follicle 2)secondary follicle 3)vesicular follicle 4)ovulation 5)corpus luteum 6)degenerating corpus luteum

53
Q

what are the hormone levels like during the menstral phase

A

low hormone levels

54
Q

what hormone increases during proliferation

A

estrogen

55
Q

up until day 12, estrogen does what

A

inhibits anterior pituitary (negative feedback)

56
Q

days 12-14 estrogen does what and what hormones spike

A

it stimulates anterior pituitary (positive feedback)

spike in LH and FSH

57
Q

what do a spike in LH and FSH cause

A

ovulation

58
Q

days 15-22 what causes the corpus luteum to be formed and make progesterone

A

LH

59
Q

if pregnancy occurs, what hormone level continues to increase

A

progesterone

60
Q

in females what does FSH stimulate

A

oocyte development

61
Q

in females what does LH stimulate

A

estrogen production

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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