Reproductive Flashcards
what is the function of the reproductive system
produce gametes(offspring)
what does meiosis result in
4 1n gametes(daughter cells)
what does meiosis start with
2n mother cell
how big are female gametes and what does that mean
large cells, females have larger investment
how big are male gametes and what does that mean
very small, males have smaller investment
what occurs in the male testes
spermatogenesis
what is the process of production of sperm
lobule, seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epiddymis, body cavity
what does spermatogenesis result in
gametes with acromosme, nucleus, midpiece, and tail
what is the process of spermatogenesis
spermatogonia, meiosis 1, meiosis 2, spermatids, spermatid, spermatozoa
what does semen consist of
sperm plus glandular secretions
what is beneficial about the glandular secretions
they assist in reaching the female tract
what does the seminal vesicle secrete
alakline pH and fructose
what does prostate gland secrete
nutrients
what does bulbourethral gland secrete
mucus
what is the lifespan of sperm
72 hours
what is gamete production in females
oogenesis
when does the selection process start in females
puberty, but born with all potential oocytes
developing egg cells
oocytes
what occurs mostly in the ovary
oogenesis
what is the smooth muscle, majority of uterus
myometrium
sloughed off during menstration
endometrium
implantation occurs anywhere except uterus
eptopic pregnancy
oocyte and surrounding cells
follicles
what are the first stages of follicles and oocyte
primary oocyte and primary follicles
what are the second stages of follicles and oocytes(and when does it occur)
2nd oocyte and granulosa cells
occurs about seven days in
what do granulosa cells do and what are they
they make estrogen and are the cells that surround and nurture the oocyte
what is the third stage of follicles and oocytes and when does it occur
late secondary oocyte with pocket antrum and vesicular follicle (Graffian)
occurs about 10-14 days in
what is the fourth state of follicle and oocyte and when does it occur
ovulate
occurs around 14 days
what occurs 15-22 days in the female cycle
corpus luteum forms and degenerates
what does corpus luteum secrete
progesterone
what is sex hormone production regulated by
the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
what is the broad scheme of reproduction hormones
hypothalamic, anterior pituitary, gonadal axis
what controls the metabolic rate
thyroid
what hormone does hypothalamic release
Gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)
what hormone does anterior pituitary release
follicle stimulating and lutenizing hormones
do the hormones do the same general things in males and females
yes
what does GnRH signal
anterior pituitary
what does FSH promote
gamete development
what does LH stimulate
gonad to make sex steroids
what type of hormones are GnRH and FSH and LH
amino acid based
what does lutenizing hormone do in males
takes interstial cells and stimulates testosterone
what slows down production of testosterone if high(prevents excessive production)
constant loop to keep at controlled level
negative feedback system
where does the follicle SH go
sustentacular cell
what activates spermatogenesis and is activated by FSH
androgen binding protein
what does andro mean
male
what part of the follicle produces estrogen
granulosa cells
what does the uterine cycle prepare for
implantation of an embryo
what occurs on day one of uterine cycle
menstrual flow begin, endometrium sloughs off
describe the menstralphase
days 1-5
functional layer is sloughed off
describe the proliferative phase
days 6-13
making endometrium
describe the secretory phase
days 15-28
prepare the endometrium to be sloughed off
what are the six stages of the ovarian cycle
1)primary follicle 2)secondary follicle 3)vesicular follicle 4)ovulation 5)corpus luteum 6)degenerating corpus luteum
what are the hormone levels like during the menstral phase
low hormone levels
what hormone increases during proliferation
estrogen
up until day 12, estrogen does what
inhibits anterior pituitary (negative feedback)
days 12-14 estrogen does what and what hormones spike
it stimulates anterior pituitary (positive feedback)
spike in LH and FSH
what do a spike in LH and FSH cause
ovulation
days 15-22 what causes the corpus luteum to be formed and make progesterone
LH
if pregnancy occurs, what hormone level continues to increase
progesterone
in females what does FSH stimulate
oocyte development
in females what does LH stimulate
estrogen production
