Review of Body Systems Flashcards
the two control systems of the body
autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system
two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
characteristics of sympathetic division
fight/flight, emergencies, orgasm, pupil dialation
what happens when sympathetic is activated
digestion decreases, heart rate increases, excretion decreases, alertness increases
what neurotransmitter is used in sympathetic
epinephrine AKA adrenaline
characteristics of parasympathetic system
rest, digestion, arousal, pupil constriction
what happens when parasympathetic is activated
digestion increases, heart rate decreases, excretion increases
what neurotransmitter is used in parasympathetic
acetylcholine
two main hormones of endocrine system
amino- acid based and steroids
chemical messengers
hormones
three characteristics of hormones
1) travels in blood 2)changes activity of target organs 3) bind to receptor
usually this type if it ends with “in”; ex/insulin and gastrin
amino acid based
usually this type if it ends with “one”; ex/testosterone and progesterone
steroids
characteristics of amino acids
peptides, control from minutes to hours, water soluble, not a carrier protein, fast response time, short half life (minutes)
time it takes half the molecule to break down
half-life
how are amino acids activated
protein activation aka phosphorylate
characteristics of steroids
powerful, not water soluble, control processes that take days, HAS a carrier protein, long half life(hours), slow response time
how are steroids activated
gene activation (DNA to mRNA to protein)
which division of the autonomic system goes straight to the heart and stomach(does not go by spinal cord)
parasympathetic nerve vagus
