Urinary 2 Flashcards
how many minutes does it take for fluid to be filtered
every five minutes
how much of the blood is filtered with each pass
1/5
what is the filtrate rate
120ml/min
is the filtrate rate efficient
no because only a little bit ends up as urine even though all the small elements are filtered(most are reabsorbed)
what is the fastest level of control
auto-regulation
organ regulates itself; no need for outside input
atuto-regulation
examples of auto-regulation
kidney via macula cells the heart(sets its own pace)
point where tested for NaCl concentration
macula densa
what do the macua densa cells initiate if there is a high NaCl concentration
decrease the afferent arteriole and cause vasoconstriction
what is the second fastest level of control
neural control
describe the different aspects of neural control
ANS
afferent arteriole- constricted by sympathetic and dilated by parasympathetic
what is the third fastest level of control
amino-acid based hormones
function of juxtaglomerula cells
restore blood pressure, decrease stretch and pressure and release renin
what does renin cause the release of
angiotensin 2(amino acid based hormone)
what does angiotensin stimulate and release
thirst and releases aldosterone and acts as a vasocontrictor
what is the fourth fastest level of control
aldosterone
describe aldosterone
steroid hormone, acts as a sodium savor(tells kidneys to adjust and save sodium)
retains water in the body
what does aldosterone alter
(increases blood volume and blood pressure)
where does reabsorption take place
renal tubule-peritubular capillaries
how much of filtrate is reabsorbed
99%
where does 2/3 of reabsorption take place
in the proximal convoluted tubule
what is selectively pumped
NaCl
what do water and solutes follow
NaCl
what is reabsorption of Na in the PCT driven by
basolateral 3Na/2K ATPase
where is energy invested in the filtration process
pumping of sodium(concentration gradient)
where does the highly specific step of reabsorption take place
PCT
what are the steps of reabsorption in PCT
1)Na pumped into capillary 2)co transport of Na and nutrients(front door) (ex/ glucose) 3)facilitated diffusion (back doory)
what occurs in the second step of reabsorption
co transport of Na and nutrients; move together to get across membrane (front door)
what happens to molecules that are not recognized by a specific co transport
they continue on to become urine
what is the specific reabsorption effective at
getting rid of things that don’t belong
does weight effect the consistency of reabsorption
no, it happens as much as it can no matter if obese or skinny
