Urinary 2

Question 1

how many minutes does it take for fluid to be filtered

Answer 1

every five minutes

Question 2

how much of the blood is filtered with each pass

Answer 2

1/5

Question 3

what is the filtrate rate

Answer 3

120ml/min

Question 4

is the filtrate rate efficient

Answer 4

no because only a little bit ends up as urine even though all the small elements are filtered(most are reabsorbed)

Question 5

what is the fastest level of control

Answer 5

auto-regulation

Question 6

organ regulates itself; no need for outside input

Answer 6

atuto-regulation

Question 7

examples of auto-regulation

Answer 7

kidney via macula cells
the heart(sets its own pace)

Question 8

point where tested for NaCl concentration

Answer 8

macula densa

Question 9

what do the macua densa cells initiate if there is a high NaCl concentration

Answer 9

decrease the afferent arteriole and cause vasoconstriction

Question 10

what is the second fastest level of control

Answer 10

neural control

Question 11

describe the different aspects of neural control

Answer 11

ANS

afferent arteriole- constricted by sympathetic and dilated by parasympathetic

Question 12

what is the third fastest level of control

Answer 12

amino-acid based hormones

Question 13

function of juxtaglomerula cells

Answer 13

restore blood pressure, decrease stretch and pressure and release renin

Question 14

what does renin cause the release of

Answer 14

angiotensin 2(amino acid based hormone)

Question 15

what does angiotensin stimulate and release

Answer 15

thirst and releases aldosterone and acts as a vasocontrictor

Question 16

what is the fourth fastest level of control

Answer 16

aldosterone

Question 17

describe aldosterone

Answer 17

steroid hormone, acts as a sodium savor(tells kidneys to adjust and save sodium)
retains water in the body

Question 18

what does aldosterone alter

Answer 18

(increases blood volume and blood pressure)

Question 19

where does reabsorption take place

Answer 19

renal tubule-peritubular capillaries

Question 20

how much of filtrate is reabsorbed

Answer 20

99%

Question 21

where does 2/3 of reabsorption take place

Answer 21

in the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 22

what is selectively pumped

Answer 22

NaCl

Question 23

what do water and solutes follow

Answer 23

NaCl

Question 24

what is reabsorption of Na in the PCT driven by

Answer 24

basolateral 3Na/2K ATPase

Question 25

where is energy invested in the filtration process

Answer 25

pumping of sodium(concentration gradient)

Question 26

where does the highly specific step of reabsorption take place

Answer 26

PCT

Question 27

what are the steps of reabsorption in PCT

Answer 27

1)Na pumped into capillary 2)co transport of Na and nutrients(front door) (ex/ glucose) 3)facilitated diffusion (back doory)

Question 28

what occurs in the second step of reabsorption

Answer 28

co transport of Na and nutrients; move together to get across membrane (front door)

Question 29

what happens to molecules that are not recognized by a specific co transport

Answer 29

they continue on to become urine

Question 30

what is the specific reabsorption effective at

Answer 30

getting rid of things that don’t belong

Question 31

does weight effect the consistency of reabsorption

Answer 31

no, it happens as much as it can no matter if obese or skinny