Immune System II

Question 1

what do lymphocytes mature into

Answer 1

B orT cells

Question 2

what type of disease/virus does acquired fight

Answer 2

specific

Question 3

describe why flu shots need to be administered every year

Answer 3

viruses that cause flu evolve from year to year(mutate)

the immune memory from last year’s flu won’t protect against this years

Question 4

are lymphocytes long lasting?

Answer 4

immune memory lymphocytes are (can last decades)

Question 5

what are the two types of acquired cells

Answer 5

humoral and cellular

Question 6

describe humoral cells

Answer 6

body fluid, B-lymphocytes(cells)

Question 7

describe cellular cells

Answer 7

inside cells, T-lymphocytes(cells)

Question 8

what is a lymphocyte that has never(not yet) contacted infection it could fight

Answer 8

naive lymphocyte (aka immature)

Question 9

what is the first step of maturation

Answer 9

cell made in red bone marrow(immature)

Question 10

what is the second step of maturation

Answer 10

cells go to blood then either thymus or bone marrow

Question 11

what happens to the cells that go to the thymus

Answer 11

become T cells

Question 12

what happens to the cells that go to the bone marrow

Answer 12

become B cells

Question 13

what is the term for when the cells develop far enough that they become specific to fight only one specific type of disease

Answer 13

immunocompetent

Question 14

where do cells become immunocompetent

Answer 14

in either thymus or bone marrow

Question 15

why is there a big diversity of lymphocytes

Answer 15

to fight a plethora of diseases because each lymph, can only fight one disease(most lymph. will never contact the infection they were programmed to fight)

Question 16

what is the third stage of maturation

Answer 16

mature lymphocytes travel to lymph nodes

Question 17

what occurs in the lymph nodes

Answer 17

where fluid is tested for infection

lymphocytes check for the infection they were meant to fight (immune monitoring)

Question 18

lymphocytes seed _______ _______

Answer 18

lymph node

Question 19

what is an antigen

Answer 19

the infection

anything the body sees as foreign

Question 20

describe B cells

Answer 20

they differentiate into plasma cells which then proliferate
make antibodies to attack infection
try to bind to receptors(Ys)

Question 21

what are the three steps B cells fight infection with

Answer 21

1) B cell binds to specific infection once it recognizes it
2) this causes proliferation and creates clones of itself
3) makes plasma cells which make antibodies to the infection

Question 22

what are the antibodies identical to

Answer 22

what was on the surface of the original specific B cell

Question 23

antibody binds…..

Answer 23

antigens and neutralizes it

Question 24

how long does it take to make antibodies and attack

Answer 24

a few days

Question 25

when do the plasma cells die

Answer 25

after about a week

Question 26

after fighting infection, proliferation also makes…..

Answer 26

B memory cells which can last decades and function as immune monitoring

Question 27

describe T cells

Answer 27

develop in the thymus
look for infection that is hidden inside cells(cellular immunity)
fights mostly viruses and infection that hides from B cells

Question 28

what does MHC stand for

Answer 28

major histocompatability complex

Question 29

describe MHC

Answer 29

self signal

every cell in the body has this so it is not attacked

Question 30

what are placed on infected cells

Answer 30

MHC and antigenic peptide

Question 31

what does the MHC and antigen do

Answer 31

alerts other cells it needs help because it is infected

Question 32

what are the four steps of MHC

Answer 32

1) infectious protein is broke up
2) taken to ER via TAP
3) antigen peptide placed on MHC
4) moves to plasma membrane to indicate it needs help

Question 33

what is MHC loaded with

Answer 33

antigen

Question 34

what type of presentation does the infected self put on its surface

Answer 34

“self and anti-self”