Immune System II Flashcards
what do lymphocytes mature into
B orT cells
what type of disease/virus does acquired fight
specific
describe why flu shots need to be administered every year
viruses that cause flu evolve from year to year(mutate)
the immune memory from last year’s flu won’t protect against this years
are lymphocytes long lasting?
immune memory lymphocytes are (can last decades)
what are the two types of acquired cells
humoral and cellular
describe humoral cells
body fluid, B-lymphocytes(cells)
describe cellular cells
inside cells, T-lymphocytes(cells)
what is a lymphocyte that has never(not yet) contacted infection it could fight
naive lymphocyte (aka immature)
what is the first step of maturation
cell made in red bone marrow(immature)
what is the second step of maturation
cells go to blood then either thymus or bone marrow
what happens to the cells that go to the thymus
become T cells
what happens to the cells that go to the bone marrow
become B cells
what is the term for when the cells develop far enough that they become specific to fight only one specific type of disease
immunocompetent
where do cells become immunocompetent
in either thymus or bone marrow
why is there a big diversity of lymphocytes
to fight a plethora of diseases because each lymph, can only fight one disease(most lymph. will never contact the infection they were programmed to fight)
what is the third stage of maturation
mature lymphocytes travel to lymph nodes
what occurs in the lymph nodes
where fluid is tested for infection
lymphocytes check for the infection they were meant to fight (immune monitoring)
lymphocytes seed _______ _______
lymph node
what is an antigen
the infection
anything the body sees as foreign
describe B cells
they differentiate into plasma cells which then proliferate
make antibodies to attack infection
try to bind to receptors(Ys)
what are the three steps B cells fight infection with
1) B cell binds to specific infection once it recognizes it
2) this causes proliferation and creates clones of itself
3) makes plasma cells which make antibodies to the infection
what are the antibodies identical to
what was on the surface of the original specific B cell
antibody binds…..
antigens and neutralizes it
how long does it take to make antibodies and attack
a few days
when do the plasma cells die
after about a week
after fighting infection, proliferation also makes…..
B memory cells which can last decades and function as immune monitoring
describe T cells
develop in the thymus
look for infection that is hidden inside cells(cellular immunity)
fights mostly viruses and infection that hides from B cells
what does MHC stand for
major histocompatability complex
describe MHC
self signal
every cell in the body has this so it is not attacked
what are placed on infected cells
MHC and antigenic peptide
what does the MHC and antigen do
alerts other cells it needs help because it is infected
what are the four steps of MHC
1) infectious protein is broke up
2) taken to ER via TAP
3) antigen peptide placed on MHC
4) moves to plasma membrane to indicate it needs help
what is MHC loaded with
antigen
what type of presentation does the infected self put on its surface
“self and anti-self”
