Asthma

Question 1

what are the three characteristics of asthma

Answer 1

bronchioconstriction, mucus accumulation, and membrane inflammation

Question 2

what is the flow equation

Answer 2

change in pressure/resistance

Question 3

what is the #1 cause of hospitalization of children in the US

Answer 3

asthma

Question 4

explain inappropriate bronchiole spasms

Answer 4

episodes of exaggerated bronchiole spams, exercise and pollutants can trigger this(overreaction to stimulus)

Question 5

explain bronchiole inflammation

Answer 5

bronchiole tube becomes swollen and diameter is reduced which causes resistance to flow (1/r^4)

Question 6

what is inflammation

Answer 6

essential response by body, starts the process of healing, an attempt to prevent spreading(trap and localize infection)

Question 7

four characteristics of inflammation

Answer 7

heat, red, swollen, pain

Question 8

explain excessive mucus production

Answer 8

occurs in the bronchioles and is an inappropriate amount, clogs the pores

Question 9

what do all three characteristics of asthma do

Answer 9

make it more difficult for an individual to breathe

Question 10

what is asthma

Answer 10

episodic and chronic

Question 11

what two ways diagnose asthma

Answer 11

forced expiratory volume and peak expiratory flow

Question 12

what is mucus

Answer 12

snot

Question 13

what is mucous

Answer 13

membrane in inner lining of tube

Question 14

what shows resistance(ml air/sec) due to swelling and mucus

Answer 14

FEVI

Question 15

what is the amount of air that can be pushed out in one second (best measure/diagnosis of asthma)

Answer 15

forced expiratory volume

Question 16

how does FEVI work

Answer 16

breathing tube in mouth, breathe, measure volume that can get out in one second

Question 17

volume of all alveoli added together

Answer 17

vital capacity

Question 18

why is vital capacity not good for measuring asthma

Answer 18

primary manifestations are in bronchioles not alveoli

Question 19

what is the second best measure of asthma and is the fastest speed in an instant that air can get out of lungs

Answer 19

peak expiratory flow

Question 20

what is the average peak expiratory flow for men and women

Answer 20

women: 440-450 L/min (6 sec)
men: 600-650 L/min (8sec)

Question 21

how is asthma treated

Answer 21

with drugs

Question 22

what is the broad term for drugs targeting acute affects

Answer 22

fast acting drugs

Question 23

what do fast acting drugs act via

Answer 23

ANS

Question 24

what response do fast acting drugs mimic

Answer 24

bronchiodialation

Question 25

describe bronchiodialtion in correspondence with respiration

Answer 25

sympathetic nervous division | uses (nor)epinephrine

Question 26

what does the post neuron selectively connect/respond to

Answer 26

neurotransmitter receptor on pre neuron

Question 27

what is the name of the fast acting functional name for the class of drugs that mimics the sympathetic division

Answer 27

andrenergic-beta agonist receptor

Question 28

describe andrenergic beta agonist receptor

Answer 28

stimulator drug that is ONLY bound by adrenaline

Question 29

what happens during a bronchospasm

Answer 29

person does not have enough epinephrine receptors

Question 30

what are two commercial drugs used as agonists to replace lack of epinephrine

Answer 30

Albuterol and ipratropium bromide (anti-cholinergic)

Question 31

what is cholinergic

Answer 31

mimics or inhibits acetylcholine(neurotransmitter of parasympathetic)

Question 32

what do cholinergic drugs do

Answer 32

block parasympathetic respiratory response (prevent bronchoconstriction)

Question 33

what is the broad term for drugs that target inflammation or the ANS

Answer 33

slow acting asthma drugs

Question 34

what do slow acting drugs target

Answer 34

chronic asthma symptoms

Question 35

how are asthmatic drugs taken and why

Answer 35

inhaled to target the lungs faster

Question 36

this works by gene activation, slow but powerful | body's long term stress hormone

Answer 36

corticosteroid

Question 37

what does corticosteroid do

Answer 37

increases the blood sugar(glucose)and sodium levels in the blood

Question 38

what is the function of corticosteroid

Answer 38

effective anti inflammatant(decreases inflammation)

Question 39

what is the actual corticosteroid called

Answer 39

beclomethasone

Question 40

describe beclomethasone

Answer 40

needs to be taken repeatedly(body breaks it down), affects inflammation every where in body