Asthma Flashcards
what are the three characteristics of asthma
bronchioconstriction, mucus accumulation, and membrane inflammation
what is the flow equation
change in pressure/resistance
what is the #1 cause of hospitalization of children in the US
asthma
explain inappropriate bronchiole spasms
episodes of exaggerated bronchiole spams, exercise and pollutants can trigger this(overreaction to stimulus)
explain bronchiole inflammation
bronchiole tube becomes swollen and diameter is reduced which causes resistance to flow (1/r^4)
what is inflammation
essential response by body, starts the process of healing, an attempt to prevent spreading(trap and localize infection)
four characteristics of inflammation
heat, red, swollen, pain
explain excessive mucus production
occurs in the bronchioles and is an inappropriate amount, clogs the pores
what do all three characteristics of asthma do
make it more difficult for an individual to breathe
what is asthma
episodic and chronic
what two ways diagnose asthma
forced expiratory volume and peak expiratory flow
what is mucus
snot
what is mucous
membrane in inner lining of tube
what shows resistance(ml air/sec) due to swelling and mucus
FEVI
what is the amount of air that can be pushed out in one second (best measure/diagnosis of asthma)
forced expiratory volume
how does FEVI work
breathing tube in mouth, breathe, measure volume that can get out in one second
volume of all alveoli added together
vital capacity
why is vital capacity not good for measuring asthma
primary manifestations are in bronchioles not alveoli
what is the second best measure of asthma and is the fastest speed in an instant that air can get out of lungs
peak expiratory flow
what is the average peak expiratory flow for men and women
women: 440-450 L/min (6 sec)
men: 600-650 L/min (8sec)
how is asthma treated
with drugs
what is the broad term for drugs targeting acute affects
fast acting drugs
what do fast acting drugs act via
ANS
what response do fast acting drugs mimic
bronchiodialation
describe bronchiodialtion in correspondence with respiration
sympathetic nervous division
uses (nor)epinephrine
what does the post neuron selectively connect/respond to
neurotransmitter receptor on pre neuron
what is the name of the fast acting functional name for the class of drugs that mimics the sympathetic division
andrenergic-beta agonist receptor
describe andrenergic beta agonist receptor
stimulator drug that is ONLY bound by adrenaline
what happens during a bronchospasm
person does not have enough epinephrine receptors
what are two commercial drugs used as agonists to replace lack of epinephrine
Albuterol and ipratropium bromide (anti-cholinergic)
what is cholinergic
mimics or inhibits acetylcholine(neurotransmitter of parasympathetic)
what do cholinergic drugs do
block parasympathetic respiratory response (prevent bronchoconstriction)
what is the broad term for drugs that target inflammation or the ANS
slow acting asthma drugs
what do slow acting drugs target
chronic asthma symptoms
how are asthmatic drugs taken and why
inhaled to target the lungs faster
this works by gene activation, slow but powerful
body’s long term stress hormone
corticosteroid
what does corticosteroid do
increases the blood sugar(glucose)and sodium levels in the blood
what is the function of corticosteroid
effective anti inflammatant(decreases inflammation)
what is the actual corticosteroid called
beclomethasone
describe beclomethasone
needs to be taken repeatedly(body breaks it down), affects inflammation every where in body
