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Anatomy 2 > Blood Pt 2 > Flashcards

Blood Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

all three blood cells come from this

A

hemocytoblast

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2
Q

stem cell in red bone marrow

A

hemocytoblast

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3
Q

cell that has not yet fully developed; can develop into several different cell types

A

stem cell

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4
Q

how long to red blood cells last

A

about four months

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5
Q

what are the four things hemocytoblasts turn into

A

lymphoid, myeloid, platelet, proerythroblast

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6
Q

five cell stages of erythropoiesis

A

1)proerythroblast 2)erythroblast (then blood) 3)reticulocyte 4)erythrocyte

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7
Q

what acts on the hemocytoblast ultimately turning it into a RBC

A

erythropoietin

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8
Q

at which point of cell development does it become a committed cell to RBC

A

proerythroblast

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9
Q

this makes four types of white blood cells

A

myeloid stem cells

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10
Q

four myeloid stem cells

A

1)neutrophils 2)basophils 3)eosinophils 4)monocytes

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11
Q

this makes lymphocyte

A

lymphoid stem cells

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12
Q

this turns on when sick(production is increased)

A

leukopoiesis and leukopoietin

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13
Q

aka thrombocyte

A

platelet

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14
Q

you do not want to overstimulate because this causes excessive clotting (ie/stroke)

A

platelet

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15
Q

process of increasing platelet production

A

thrombopoiesis and throbopoietin

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16
Q

its function is immunity

A

leukocytes aka WBC

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17
Q

how many WBC count in healthy person

A

4,000-11,000

18
Q

describe neutrophils

A

neutral PH, background is lavender, nucleus is multilobed, bigger than RBC, attack infection in short term(act rapidly), 60% of WBC, attack acute infection, dont survive very long(one day), phagocytize bacteria

19
Q

describe eosinophils

A

fights parasitic worm infection, not very abundant, use inflammatory chemicals

20
Q

describe basophils

A

least abundant of WBC, variety of functions, primarily stimulate inflammation, dark purple with dark splotches

21
Q

describe lymphocytes

A

immune memory via antibodies, massive nucleus, long time to make, last decades, ie/ B memory cells

22
Q

describe monocytes

A

develop into macrophages, chronic phagocytes, largest WBC, big capacity for bacteria

23
Q

describe leukemia

A

cancer of white blood cells precursor(excessive production), genetic mutation that keeps immature type of WBC from developing(too much of one kind, stuck as precursor)

24
Q

platelet development

A

1)hemocytoblast 2)megabaryoblast 3)promegakaryocyte 4)megakaryocyte-had been getting big the whole time then explodes into particles(platelets), fragments

25
Q

what has the ability to form clots

A

platelets

26
Q

what is the clotting process called

A

hemostasis

27
Q

five steps of hemostasis

A

1)vascular spasms 2)platelet plug formation 3)coagulation 4)clot retraction 5)fibrinolysis

28
Q

what is outside the blood vessel and activates platelets

A

collagen

29
Q

what happens in the first step of hemostasis

A

factors released by broken vessel wall; smooth muscle contraction causes vasoconstriction (vascular spasms)

30
Q

what happens in the second step of hemostasis

A

platelets contact collagen(due to spill out) and plug formation

31
Q

upon collagen contact platelets do these four things

A

1)swell 2)become sticky 3)release recruiting chemicals 4)grow pointy projections

32
Q

examples of recruiting chemicals

A

ex/ PF3 ex/thromboxane A

33
Q

what stimulates platelet aggregation and is inhibited by asprin

A

thromboxane A

34
Q

what happens in the third step of hemostasis

A

sealed completely, liquid into gel(prevents leakage), long cascade of reactions, clotting proteins of plasma, heparin, prothrombin activation-insoluable fibrin

35
Q

inhibits thrombin and stops bleeding

A

heparin

36
Q

what happens if there is a bad injury and body cant complete fibrinolysis

A

scarring

37
Q

what happens in the fourth step of hemostasis

A

actin and myosin in platelets squeeze clot to increase blood retention, shorten distance to heal/rebuild, tightens plug, release growth factors to rebuild(clot retraction)

38
Q

what happens in the fifth step of hemostasis

A

replacement of the clot with new tissue to avoid scars

39
Q

this can kill you quickly, rare, example is hemophilia

A

insufficient clotting

40
Q

chronic, major killers in society, examples are heart attack and stroke

A

excessive clotting

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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