Blood Pt 2 Flashcards
all three blood cells come from this
hemocytoblast
stem cell in red bone marrow
hemocytoblast
cell that has not yet fully developed; can develop into several different cell types
stem cell
how long to red blood cells last
about four months
what are the four things hemocytoblasts turn into
lymphoid, myeloid, platelet, proerythroblast
five cell stages of erythropoiesis
1)proerythroblast 2)erythroblast (then blood) 3)reticulocyte 4)erythrocyte
what acts on the hemocytoblast ultimately turning it into a RBC
erythropoietin
at which point of cell development does it become a committed cell to RBC
proerythroblast
this makes four types of white blood cells
myeloid stem cells
four myeloid stem cells
1)neutrophils 2)basophils 3)eosinophils 4)monocytes
this makes lymphocyte
lymphoid stem cells
this turns on when sick(production is increased)
leukopoiesis and leukopoietin
aka thrombocyte
platelet
you do not want to overstimulate because this causes excessive clotting (ie/stroke)
platelet
process of increasing platelet production
thrombopoiesis and throbopoietin
its function is immunity
leukocytes aka WBC
how many WBC count in healthy person
4,000-11,000
describe neutrophils
neutral PH, background is lavender, nucleus is multilobed, bigger than RBC, attack infection in short term(act rapidly), 60% of WBC, attack acute infection, dont survive very long(one day), phagocytize bacteria
describe eosinophils
fights parasitic worm infection, not very abundant, use inflammatory chemicals
describe basophils
least abundant of WBC, variety of functions, primarily stimulate inflammation, dark purple with dark splotches
describe lymphocytes
immune memory via antibodies, massive nucleus, long time to make, last decades, ie/ B memory cells
describe monocytes
develop into macrophages, chronic phagocytes, largest WBC, big capacity for bacteria
describe leukemia
cancer of white blood cells precursor(excessive production), genetic mutation that keeps immature type of WBC from developing(too much of one kind, stuck as precursor)
platelet development
1)hemocytoblast 2)megabaryoblast 3)promegakaryocyte 4)megakaryocyte-had been getting big the whole time then explodes into particles(platelets), fragments
what has the ability to form clots
platelets
what is the clotting process called
hemostasis
five steps of hemostasis
1)vascular spasms 2)platelet plug formation 3)coagulation 4)clot retraction 5)fibrinolysis
what is outside the blood vessel and activates platelets
collagen
what happens in the first step of hemostasis
factors released by broken vessel wall; smooth muscle contraction causes vasoconstriction (vascular spasms)
what happens in the second step of hemostasis
platelets contact collagen(due to spill out) and plug formation
upon collagen contact platelets do these four things
1)swell 2)become sticky 3)release recruiting chemicals 4)grow pointy projections
examples of recruiting chemicals
ex/ PF3 ex/thromboxane A
what stimulates platelet aggregation and is inhibited by asprin
thromboxane A
what happens in the third step of hemostasis
sealed completely, liquid into gel(prevents leakage), long cascade of reactions, clotting proteins of plasma, heparin, prothrombin activation-insoluable fibrin
inhibits thrombin and stops bleeding
heparin
what happens if there is a bad injury and body cant complete fibrinolysis
scarring
what happens in the fourth step of hemostasis
actin and myosin in platelets squeeze clot to increase blood retention, shorten distance to heal/rebuild, tightens plug, release growth factors to rebuild(clot retraction)
what happens in the fifth step of hemostasis
replacement of the clot with new tissue to avoid scars
this can kill you quickly, rare, example is hemophilia
insufficient clotting
chronic, major killers in society, examples are heart attack and stroke
excessive clotting
