Blood Pt 2

Question 1

all three blood cells come from this

Answer 1

hemocytoblast

Question 2

stem cell in red bone marrow

Answer 2

hemocytoblast

Question 3

cell that has not yet fully developed; can develop into several different cell types

Answer 3

stem cell

Question 4

how long to red blood cells last

Answer 4

about four months

Question 5

what are the four things hemocytoblasts turn into

Answer 5

lymphoid, myeloid, platelet, proerythroblast

Question 6

five cell stages of erythropoiesis

Answer 6

1)proerythroblast 2)erythroblast (then blood) 3)reticulocyte 4)erythrocyte

Question 7

what acts on the hemocytoblast ultimately turning it into a RBC

Answer 7

erythropoietin

Question 8

at which point of cell development does it become a committed cell to RBC

Answer 8

proerythroblast

Question 9

this makes four types of white blood cells

Answer 9

myeloid stem cells

Question 10

four myeloid stem cells

Answer 10

1)neutrophils 2)basophils 3)eosinophils 4)monocytes

Question 11

this makes lymphocyte

Answer 11

lymphoid stem cells

Question 12

this turns on when sick(production is increased)

Answer 12

leukopoiesis and leukopoietin

Question 13

aka thrombocyte

Answer 13

platelet

Question 14

you do not want to overstimulate because this causes excessive clotting (ie/stroke)

Answer 14

platelet

Question 15

process of increasing platelet production

Answer 15

thrombopoiesis and throbopoietin

Question 16

its function is immunity

Answer 16

leukocytes aka WBC

Question 17

how many WBC count in healthy person

Answer 17

4,000-11,000

Question 18

describe neutrophils

Answer 18

neutral PH, background is lavender, nucleus is multilobed, bigger than RBC, attack infection in short term(act rapidly), 60% of WBC, attack acute infection, dont survive very long(one day), phagocytize bacteria

Question 19

describe eosinophils

Answer 19

fights parasitic worm infection, not very abundant, use inflammatory chemicals

Question 20

describe basophils

Answer 20

least abundant of WBC, variety of functions, primarily stimulate inflammation, dark purple with dark splotches

Question 21

describe lymphocytes

Answer 21

immune memory via antibodies, massive nucleus, long time to make, last decades, ie/ B memory cells

Question 22

describe monocytes

Answer 22

develop into macrophages, chronic phagocytes, largest WBC, big capacity for bacteria

Question 23

describe leukemia

Answer 23

cancer of white blood cells precursor(excessive production), genetic mutation that keeps immature type of WBC from developing(too much of one kind, stuck as precursor)

Question 24

platelet development

Answer 24

1)hemocytoblast 2)megabaryoblast 3)promegakaryocyte 4)megakaryocyte-had been getting big the whole time then explodes into particles(platelets), fragments

Question 25

what has the ability to form clots

Answer 25

platelets

Question 26

what is the clotting process called

Answer 26

hemostasis

Question 27

five steps of hemostasis

Answer 27

1)vascular spasms 2)platelet plug formation 3)coagulation 4)clot retraction 5)fibrinolysis

Question 28

what is outside the blood vessel and activates platelets

Answer 28

collagen

Question 29

what happens in the first step of hemostasis

Answer 29

factors released by broken vessel wall; smooth muscle contraction causes vasoconstriction (vascular spasms)

Question 30

what happens in the second step of hemostasis

Answer 30

platelets contact collagen(due to spill out) and plug formation

Question 31

upon collagen contact platelets do these four things

Answer 31

1)swell 2)become sticky 3)release recruiting chemicals 4)grow pointy projections

Question 32

examples of recruiting chemicals

Answer 32

ex/ PF3 ex/thromboxane A

Question 33

what stimulates platelet aggregation and is inhibited by asprin

Answer 33

thromboxane A

Question 34

what happens in the third step of hemostasis

Answer 34

sealed completely, liquid into gel(prevents leakage), long cascade of reactions, clotting proteins of plasma, heparin, prothrombin activation-insoluable fibrin

Question 35

inhibits thrombin and stops bleeding

Answer 35

heparin

Question 36

what happens if there is a bad injury and body cant complete fibrinolysis

Answer 36

scarring

Question 37

what happens in the fourth step of hemostasis

Answer 37

actin and myosin in platelets squeeze clot to increase blood retention, shorten distance to heal/rebuild, tightens plug, release growth factors to rebuild(clot retraction)

Question 38

what happens in the fifth step of hemostasis

Answer 38

replacement of the clot with new tissue to avoid scars

Question 39

this can kill you quickly, rare, example is hemophilia

Answer 39

insufficient clotting

Question 40

chronic, major killers in society, examples are heart attack and stroke

Answer 40

excessive clotting